最近抽空學習了一下Angular6,之前主要使用的是vue,所以免不了的也想對Angular6提供的工具進行一些封裝,今天主要就跟大家講一下這個http模塊。
之前使用的ajax庫是axios,可以設置baseurl,公共頭部;集中捕捉錯誤等,由于Angular6的依賴注入機制,是不能通過直接修改http模塊暴露的變量來封裝的,但是通過官方文檔我們知道可以通過攔截器(HttpInterceptor)來實現這一功能。
攔截器可以攔截請求,也可以攔截響應,那么通過攔截請求就可以實現 設置baseurl,公共頭部;而通過攔截響應就可以實現 集中捕獲錯誤 。廢話不多說,上代碼吧。
第一步:準備工作,導入 HttpClientModule
在app.module.ts中導入 HttpClientModule,然后在imports數組中將 HttpClientModule 加入到 BrowserModule 之后,具體代碼為:
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';@NgModule({ imports: [ BrowserModule, // import HttpClientModule after BrowserModule. HttpClientModule, ], declarations: [ AppComponent, ], bootstrap: [ AppComponent ]})第二步:新建有關攔截器的文件
在app文件夾下新建http-interceptors文件夾,在其內新建base-interceptor.ts,index.ts兩個文件。其中,base-interceptor.ts是用于設置攔截器的注入器文件,index.ts則為擴展攔截器的提供商。
### base-interceptor.tsimport { Injectable } from '@angular/core';import { HttpEvent, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpRequest, HttpErrorResponse} from '@angular/common/http';import { throwError } from 'rxjs'import { catchError, retry } from 'rxjs/operators';/*設置請求的基地址,方便替換*/const baseurl = 'http://localhost:8360';@Injectable()export class BaseInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor { constructor() {} intercept(req, next: HttpHandler) { let newReq = req.clone({ url: req.hadBaseurl ? `${req.url}` : `${baseurl}${req.url}`, }); /*此處設置額外的頭部,token常用于登陸令牌*/ if(!req.cancelToken) { /*token數據來源自己設置,我常用localStorage存取相關數據*/ newReq.headers = newReq.headers.set('token', 'my-new-auth-token') } // send cloned request with header to the next handler. return next.handle(newReq) .pipe( /*失敗時重試2次,可自由設置*/ retry(2), /*捕獲響應錯誤,可根據需要自行改寫,我偷懶了,直接用的官方的*/ catchError(this.handleError) ) } private handleError(error: HttpErrorResponse) { if (error.error instanceof ErrorEvent) { // A client-side or network error occurred. Handle it accordingly. console.error('An error occurred:', error.error.message); } else { // The backend returned an unsuccessful response code. // The response body may contain clues as to what went wrong, console.error( `Backend returned code ${error.status}, ` + `body was: ${error.error}`); } // return an observable with a user-facing error message return throwError( 'Something bad happened; please try again later.'); };}### index.tsimport { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from '@angular/common/http';import { BaseInterceptor } from './base-interceptor';/** Http interceptor providers in outside-in order */export const httpInterceptorProviders = [ { provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, useClass: BaseInterceptor, multi: true },];/*Copyright 2017-2018 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license thatcan be found in the LICENSE file at http://angular.io/license*/
新聞熱點
疑難解答
圖片精選