抽象工廠模式：提供一個創建一系列相關或相互依賴對象的接口，而無需指定它們具體的類。
優點：易于交換“產品系列”，只要更改相應的工廠即可。
缺點：建立產品的時候很繁瑣，需要增加和修改很多東西。
優化1：為了避免客戶端有過多的邏輯判斷，可以封裝出一個簡單工廠類來生成產品類。
優化2：為了減少簡單工廠類里面的邏輯判斷，可以采用“反射”機制，直接根據外部的配置文件讀取出需要使用產品類的信息。
#encoding=utf-8 # #by panda #抽象工廠模式 def printInfo(info): print unicode(info, 'utf-8').encode('gbk') #抽象產品A：user表 class IUser(): def Insert(self): pass def GetUser(self): pass #sqlserver實現的User class SqlserverUser(IUser): def Insert(self): printInfo("在SQL Server中給User表增加一條記錄") def GetUser(self): printInfo("在SQL Server中得到User表的一條記錄") #Access實現的User class AccessUser(IUser): def Insert(self): printInfo("在Access中給User表增加一條記錄") def GetUser(self): printInfo("在Access中得到User表一條記錄") #抽象產品B：部門表 class IDepartment(): def Insert(self): pass def GetUser(self): pass #sqlserver實現的Department class SqlserverDepartment(IUser): def Insert(self): printInfo("在SQL Server中給Department表增加一條記錄") def GetUser(self): printInfo("在SQL Server中得到Department表的一條記錄") #Access實現的Department class AccessDepartment(IUser): def Insert(self): printInfo("在Access中給Department表增加一條記錄") def GetUser(self): printInfo("在Access中得到Department表一條記錄") #抽象工廠 class IFactory(): def CreateUser(self): pass def CreateDepartment(self): pass #sql server工廠 class SqlServerFactory(IFactory): def CreateUser(self): return SqlserverUser() def CreateDepartment(self): return SqlserverDepartment() #access工廠 class AccessFactory(IFactory): def CreateUser(self): return AccessUser() def CreateDepartment(self): return AccessDepartment() #優化一：采用一個簡單工廠類，封裝邏輯判斷操作 class DataAccess(): # db = "Sqlserver" db = "Access" @staticmethod def CreateUser(): if (DataAccess.db == "Sqlserver"): return SqlserverUser() elif(DataAccess.db == "Access"): return AccessUser() @staticmethod def CreateDepartment(): if (DataAccess.db == "Sqlserver"): return SqlserverDepartment() elif(DataAccess.db == "Access"): return AccessDepartment() #優化二：采用反射機制，避免使用太多判斷 ##以下信息可以從配置文件中獲取 DBType = 'Sqlserver' #'Access' DBTab_User = 'User' DBTab_Department = 'Department' class DataAccessPro(): # db = "Sqlserver" db = "Access" @staticmethod def CreateUser(): funName = DBType + DBTab_User return eval(funName)() #eval 將其中的字符串轉化為python表達式 @staticmethod def CreateDepartment(): funName = DBType + DBTab_Department return eval(funName)() def clientUI(): printInfo("/n--------抽象工廠方法--------") factory = SqlServerFactory() iu = factory.CreateUser() iu.Insert() iu.GetUser() id = factory.CreateDepartment() id.Insert() id.GetUser() printInfo("/n--抽象工廠方法+簡單工廠方法--") iu = DataAccess.CreateUser() iu.Insert() iu.GetUser() id = DataAccess.CreateDepartment() id.Insert() id.GetUser() printInfo("/n-抽象工廠方法+簡單工廠方法+反射-") iu = DataAccessPro.CreateUser() iu.Insert() iu.GetUser() id = DataAccessPro.CreateDepartment() id.Insert() id.GetUser() return if __name__ == '__main__': clientUI(); 類圖：
工廠模式和抽象工廠模式的區別：工廠模式是在派生類中定義一個工廠的抽象接口，然后基類負責創建具體對象；抽象工廠模式是維護一個產品家族，由基類定義產品被生產的方法，客戶根據派生類的接口進行開發。
實例：人民群眾喜聞樂見的披薩店例子這里又可以搬出來了，這次我們根據抽象工廠模式的特點，用不同原材料制作不同口味的披薩，創建不同原材料的工廠，不同實體店做出口味不同的披薩。創建一個產品家族（Dough、Sauce、Cheese和Clam）的抽象類型（PizzaIngredientFactory），這個類型的子類（NYPizzaIngredientFactory和ChicagoPizzaIngredientFactory）定義了產品被產生的方法。
代碼：
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import sysreload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') '''披薩'''class Pizza: name = "" dough = None sauce = None cheese = None clam = None def prepare(self): pass def bake(self): print "烘烤25分鐘在350。".decode('utf-8') def cut(self): print "切割成對角線切片。".decode('utf-8') def box(self): print "放在官方的盒子中。".decode('utf-8') def get_name(self): return self.name def set_name(self, name): self.name = name def to_string(self): string = "%s:/n" % self.name string += " 面團: %s/n" % self.dough.to_string() if self.dough else "" string += " 醬汁: %s/n" % self.sauce.to_string() if self.sauce else "" string += " 奶酪: %s/n" % self.cheese.to_string() if self.cheese else "" string += " 文蛤: %s/n" % self.clam.to_string() if self.clam else "" return string '''什么類別的披薩'''class CheesePizza(Pizza): def __init__(self, ingredient_factory): self.ingredient_factory = ingredient_factory def prepare(self): print "準備: %s" % self.name self.dough = self.ingredient_factory.create_dough() self.sauce = self.ingredient_factory.create_sauce() self.cheese = self.ingredient_factory.create_cheese() class ClamPizza(Pizza): def __init__(self, ingredient_factory): self.ingredient_factory = ingredient_factory def prepare(self): print "準備: %s" % self.name self.dough = self.ingredient_factory.create_dough() self.sauce = self.ingredient_factory.create_sauce() self.clam = self.ingredient_factory.create_clam() '''披薩店'''class PizzaStore: def order_pizza(self, pizza_type): self.pizza = self.create_pizza(pizza_type) self.pizza.prepare() self.pizza.bake() self.pizza.cut() self.pizza.box() return self.pizza def create_pizza(self, pizza_type): pass '''紐約披薩實體店1'''class NYPizzaStore(PizzaStore): def create_pizza(self, pizza_type): ingredient_factory = NYPizzaIngredientFactory() if pizza_type == "cheese": pizza = CheesePizza(ingredient_factory) pizza.set_name("紐約風格芝士披薩".decode('utf-8')) elif pizza_type == "clam": pizza = ClamPizza(ingredient_factory) pizza.set_name("紐約風格文蛤披薩".decode('utf-8')) else: pizza = None return pizza '''芝加哥披薩實體店2'''class ChicagoPizzaStore(PizzaStore): def create_pizza(self, pizza_type): ingredient_factory = ChicagoPizzaIngredientFactory() if pizza_type == "cheese": pizza = CheesePizza(ingredient_factory) pizza.set_name("芝加哥風格芝士披薩".decode('utf-8')) elif pizza_type == "clam": pizza = ClamPizza(ingredient_factory) pizza.set_name("芝加哥風格文蛤披薩".decode('utf-8')) else: pizza = None return pizza '''生產披薩的工廠'''class PizzaIngredientFactory: def create_dough(self): pass def create_sauce(self): pass def create_cheese(self): pass def create_clam(self): pass '''生產披薩的實體工廠1'''class NYPizzaIngredientFactory(PizzaIngredientFactory): def create_dough(self): return ThinDough() def create_sauce(self): return MarinaraSauce() def create_cheese(self): return FreshCheese() def create_clam(self): return FreshClam() '''生產披薩的實體工廠2'''class ChicagoPizzaIngredientFactory(PizzaIngredientFactory): def create_dough(self): return ThickDough() def create_sauce(self): return MushroomSauce() def create_cheese(self): return BlueCheese() def create_clam(self): return FrozenClam() class Dough: def to_string(self): pass class ThinDough(Dough): def to_string(self): return "薄的面團" class ThickDough(Dough): def to_string(self): return "厚的生面團" class Sauce: def to_string(self): pass class MarinaraSauce(Sauce): def to_string(self): return "番茄醬" class MushroomSauce(Sauce): def to_string(self): return "蘑菇醬" class Cheese: def to_string(self): pass class FreshCheese(Cheese): def to_string(self): return "新鮮的奶酪" class BlueCheese(Cheese): def to_string(self): return "藍紋奶酪" class Clam: def to_string(self): pass class FreshClam(Clam): def to_string(self): return "新鮮的文蛤" class FrozenClam(Clam): def to_string(self): return "冷凍的文蛤" if __name__ == "__main__": # 創建了兩個披薩實體店 ny_store = NYPizzaStore() chicago_store = ChicagoPizzaStore() # 在第一個披薩對象中訂購了一個cheese風味的披薩 pizza = ny_store.order_pizza("cheese") print pizza.to_string() print "邁克訂購了一個 %s" % pizza.get_name() print pizza = chicago_store.order_pizza("clam") print pizza.to_string() print "約翰訂購了一個%s" % pizza.get_name() 結果：
準備: 紐約風格芝士披薩烘烤25分鐘在350。切割成對角線切片。放在官方的盒子中。紐約風格芝士披薩: 面團: 薄的面團 醬汁: 番茄醬 奶酪: 新鮮的奶酪 邁克訂購了一個 紐約風格芝士披薩 準備: 芝加哥風格文蛤披薩烘烤25分鐘在350。切割成對角線切片。放在官方的盒子中。芝加哥風格文蛤披薩: 面團: 厚的生面團 醬汁: 蘑菇醬 文蛤: 冷凍的文蛤 約翰訂購了一個芝加哥風格文蛤披薩
