類顧名思義,就是一類事物、或者叫做實例,它用來描述具有共同特征的一類事物。我們在python中聲明類的關鍵詞是class,類還有功能和屬性,屬性就是這類事物的特征,而功能就是它能做什么,也是就是方法或者函數。我們仍然用例子來說明問題。
目標:
1.類的定義
2.父類,子類定義,以及子類調用父類
3.類的組合使用
4.內置功能
1.類的定義
代碼如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Hotel(object): """docstring for Hotel""" def __init__(self, room, cf=1.0, br=15): self.room = room self.cf = cf self.br = br def cacl_all(self, days=1): return (self.room * self.cf + self.br) * daysif __name__ == '__main__': stdroom = Hotel(200) big_room = Hotel(230, 0.9) print stdroom.cacl_all() print stdroom.cacl_all(2) print big_room.cacl_all() print big_room.cacl_all(3)
2.父類、子類以及調用父類
代碼如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 父類class AddBook(object): def __init__(self, name, phone): self.name = name self.phone = phone def get_phone(self): return self.phone# 子類,繼承class EmplEmail(AddBook): def __init__(self, nm, ph, email): # AddBook.__init__(self, nm, ph) # 調用父類方法一 super(EmplEmail, self).__init__(nm, ph) # 調用父類方法二 self.email = email def get_email(self): return self.email# 調用if __name__ == "__main__": Detian = AddBook('handetian', '18210413001') Meng = AddBook('shaomeng', '18210413002') print Detian.get_phone() print AddBook.get_phone(Meng) alice = EmplEmail('alice', '18210418888', 'alice@xkops.com') print alice.get_email(), alice.get_phone()3.類的組合使用
代碼如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-'''1.class類的組合使用2.手機、郵箱、QQ等是可以變化的(定義在一起),姓名不可變(單獨定義)。3.在另一個類中引用'''class Info(object): def __init__(self, phone, email, qq): self.phone = phone self.email = email self.qq = qq def get_phone(self): return self.phone def update_phone(self, newphone): self.phone = newphone print "手機號更改已更改" def get_email(self): return self.emailclass AddrBook(object): '''docstring for AddBook''' def __init__(self, name, phone, email, qq): self.name = name self.info = Info(phone, email, qq)if __name__ == "__main__": Detian = AddrBook('handetian', '18210413001', 'detian@xkops.com', '123456') print Detian.info.get_phone() Detian.info.update_phone(18210413002) print Detian.info.get_phone() print Detian.info.get_email()4.內置功能(函數()加與不加的區別)
代碼如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Books(object): def __init__(self, title, author): self.title = title self.author = author def __str__(self): return self.title def __repr__(self): return self.title def __call__(self): print "%s is written by %s" %(self.title, self.author)if __name__ == '__main__': pybook = Books('Core Python', 'Wesley') print pybook pybook()#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Number(object): """Custum object add/radd -> +; sub/rsub -> -; mul/rmul -> *; div/rdiv -> /; """ def __init__(self, number): self.number = number def __add__(self, other): return self.number + other def __radd__(self, other): return self.number + other def __sub__(self, other): return self.number - other def __rsub__(self, other): return other - self.number def __gt__(self, other): if self.number > other: return True return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': num = Number(10) print num + 20 print 30 + num print num - 5 print 11 - num print num > 20
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