#python name is test.py#-------------------------------def func1():    passdef func2():    passdef func3():    passdef func4():    func1()    func2()    func3()if __name__ == '__main__'    #調用上面的函數，判斷了、循環了調用等！    #函數里也可以調用函數例子：def func4():#__name__  這個是用來判斷，如果你是把這個程序當模塊導入的話他的__name__就等于這個程序的文件名，如果是手動執行這個腳本比如：python test.py  那么__name__ 就等于__main__所以，我們可以用他來做判斷，如果你是手動執行我就運行我調函數執行if下面的語句，如果你是調用模塊我下面的if判斷后面的語句就不執行！僅當模塊使用！
#如果函數當模塊導入的時候，他導入的是函數的名稱，內容沒有被導入，當你去調用的時候他才去導入函數里的信息。

while True：    if cpu利用率 > 90%:        #發送郵件提醒        連接郵箱服務器        發送郵件        關閉連接      if 硬盤使用空間 > 90%:        #發送郵件提醒        連接郵箱服務器        發送郵件        關閉連接      if 內存占用 > 80%:        #發送郵件提醒        連接郵箱服務器        發送郵件        關閉連接

def 發送郵件(內容)    #發送郵件提醒    連接郵箱服務器    發送郵件    關閉連接  while True：      if cpu利用率 > 90%:        發送郵件('CPU報警')      if 硬盤使用空間 > 90%:        發送郵件('硬盤報警')      if 內存占用 > 80%:

def 函數名(參數):         ...    函數體    ...

def 發送短信():         發送短信的代碼...     if 發送成功:        return True    else:        return False  while True:         # 每次執行發送短信函數，都會將返回值自動賦值給result    # 之后，可以根據result來寫日志，或重發等操作     result = 發送短信()    if result == False:        記錄日志，短信發送失敗...

def CPU報警郵件()    #發送郵件提醒    連接郵箱服務器    發送郵件    關閉連接def 硬盤報警郵件()    #發送郵件提醒    連接郵箱服務器    發送郵件    關閉連接def 內存報警郵件()    #發送郵件提醒    連接郵箱服務器    發送郵件    關閉連接 while True：     if cpu利用率 > 90%:        CPU報警郵件（）     if 硬盤使用空間 > 90%:        硬盤報警郵件（）     if 內存占用 > 80%:        內存報警郵件（）

def 發送郵件(郵件內容)    #發送郵件提醒    連接郵箱服務器    發送郵件    關閉連接 while True：     if cpu利用率 > 90%:        發送郵件("CPU報警了。")     if 硬盤使用空間 > 90%:        發送郵件("硬盤報警了。")     if 內存占用 > 80%:        發送郵件("內存報警了。")

# ######### 定義函數 ######### # name 叫做函數func的形式參數，簡稱：形參def func(name):    PRint name# ######### 執行函數 ######### #  'luotianshuai' 叫做函數func的實際參數，簡稱：實參func('luotianshuai')

def func(name,shuai):    print name,shuai#func('luotianshuai')func('luotianshuai')#報錯內容：TypeError: func() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)

def func(name, age = 18):        print "%s:%s" %(name,age)# 指定參數func('luotianshuai', 19)# 使用默認參數func('luotianshuai')

def func(*args):    print args# 執行方式一func(11,33,4,4454,5)#輸出結果：11,33,4,4454,5# 執行方式二 li = [11,2,2,3,3,4,54]func(li)#輸出結果：([11,2,2,3,3,4,54]) #如果想輸入的列表，不想讓列表稱謂元組里的僅一個元素而是讓列表的元素成為元組的元素加*即可func(*li)#輸出結果：(11,2,2,3,3,4,54)#############################################################1、接受多個參數2、內部自動構造元組3、序列，*，避免內部構造元組

def func(**kwargs):    print args# 執行方式一func(name＝'luotianshuai',age=18)# 執行方式二li = {'name':'luotianshuai', age:18, 'gender':'male'}func(**li)

def func(*args, **drgs):    print args    print dargs#例子：func(11,22,33,44,k1='luotianshuai',k2='shuaige')(11, 22, 33, 44){'k2': 'shuaige', 'k1': 'luotianshuai'}

import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.utils import formataddrdef email(message):    msg = MIMEText("郵件報警測試", 'plain', 'utf-8')    msg['From'] = formataddr(["shuaige",'shuaige@test.com']) #發件人和發件郵箱    msg['To'] = formataddr(["帥哥",'451161316@QQ.com'])    msg['Subject'] = message  #這里我調用了參數    server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.test.com", 25)    server.login("shuaige@126.com", "pwdnq.buzhidao")    server.sendmail('shuaige@126.com', ['451161316@qq.com',], msg.as_string())    server.quit()if __name__ == u'__main__':    cpu = 100    disk = 500    ram = 50    for i in range(1):        if cpu > 90:            alert = u'CPU出問題了'   #這里設置了一個變量            email(alert)  #這里調用函數的時候引用了上面的變量，當執行函數的時候形參講會被替換掉，message='CPU出問題了'  發送郵件！        if disk > 90:            alert = u'硬盤出問題了'            email(alert)        if ram> 80:            alert = u'內存出問題了'            email(alert)

>>> li = [11,22,33,44]>>> type(li)  #查看數據類型<type 'list'>  >>> dir(list)  #查看類型包含的那些方法>>>help(list)  #查看類型中包含的方法的詳細說明

def say():    name = "tianshuai"    print namesay() 這個輸出：tianshuai  # 是沒有問題的，那么看下下面的例子：def say():    name = "tianshuai"    print namesay()print name # 這個能不能調用呢，不能，會報錯！函數的作用域就是在函數里定義的變量不能被外面使用！

name2 = "shuaige"def say():    name = "tianshuai"    print name    print name2say()輸出結果：tianshuaishuaige

name2 = "shuaige"def say():    name = "tianshuai"    name2 = "shuaige is shuaige"    print name,name2say()print name2#輸出結果：tianshuai shuaige is shuaige   #在函數內改變了shuaige  #但是外面調用還是沒有改變！

#但是我就想在函數內改掉這個變量怎么辦呢？在函數內調用global參數?。ㄌ峁┻@個功能，但是不建議用！你在局部變量改全局變量很容易引起混亂）name2 = "shuaige"def say():    global name2    name = "tianshuai"    name2 = "shuaige is shuaige"    print name,name2say()print name2輸出結果：tianshuai shuaige is shuaigeshuaige is shuaige

def count():    for i in range(1,10):        if i = 5:            return        else:            print i    print "Hello World"   #所以當i=5的時候就直接跳出了函數了，這里是不會被打印出來了！不是循環！！！count()輸出結果：1234

def count():    name = "tianshuai"    for i in range(1,10):        if i == 5:            print "hello"        else:            print i    return name    #在這里加了一個return user = count()if user == "tianshuai":   #然后判斷，看下執行結果！    print "oh shuaige is coming"  執行結果：1234hello6789oh shuaige is coming   #這里看下！ 上面的判斷執行了！所以return這個把name的值輸出了！

文件句柄 = file('文件路徑', '模式')#python中打開文件有兩種方式，即：open(...) 和  file(...) ，本質上前者在內部會調用后者來進行文件操作，推薦使用 open。3.0以后file方法講被用做其他，open方法會自動的去幫你找他調用得方法在那里！

class file(object):      def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        關閉文件        """        close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer.  Close the file.                 Sets data attribute .closed to True.  A closed file cannot be used for        further I/O Operations.  close() may be called more than once without        error.  Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen())        may return an exit status upon closing.        """     def fileno(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        文件描述符           """        fileno() -> integer "file descr"""        return 0         def flush(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        刷新文件內部緩沖區        """ flush() -> None.  Flush the internal I/O buffer. """        pass      def isatty(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        判斷文件是否是同意tty設備        """ isatty() -> true or false.  True if the file is connected to a tty device. """        return False      def next(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        獲取下一行數據，不存在，則報錯        """ x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration """        pass     def read(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        讀取指定字節數據        """        read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string.                 If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.        Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requested        may be returned, even if no size parameter was given.        """        pass     def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        讀取到緩沖區，不要用，將被遺棄        """ readinto() -> Undocumented.  Don't use this; it may go away. """        pass     def readline(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        僅讀取一行數據        """        readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string.                 Retain newline.  A non-negative size argument limits the maximum        number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then).        Return an empty string at EOF.        """        pass     def readlines(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        讀取所有數據，并根據換行保存值列表        """        readlines([size]) -> list of strings, each a line from the file.                 Call readline() repeatedly and return a list of the lines so read.        The optional size argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the        total number of bytes in the lines returned.        """        return []     def seek(self, offset, whence=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        指定文件中指針位置        """        seek(offset[, whence]) -> None.  Move to new file position.                 Argument offset is a byte count.  Optional argument whence defaults to        0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are 1        (move relative to current position, positive or negative), and 2 (move        relative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allow        seeking beyond the end of a file).  If the file is opened in text mode,        only offsets returned by tell() are legal.  Use of other offsets causes        undefined behavior.        Note that not all file objects are seekable.        """        pass     def tell(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        獲取當前指針位置        """ tell() -> current file position, an integer (may be a long integer). """        pass     def truncate(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        截斷數據，僅保留指定之前數據        """        truncate([size]) -> None.  Truncate the file to at most size bytes.                 Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().        """        pass     def write(self, p_str): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        寫內容        """        write(str) -> None.  Write string str to file.                 Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed before        the file on disk reflects the data written.        """        pass     def writelines(self, sequence_of_strings): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        將一個字符串列表寫入文件        """        writelines(sequence_of_strings) -> None.  Write the strings to the file.                 Note that newlines are not added.  The sequence can be any iterable object        producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string.        """        pass     def xreadlines(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__        可用于逐行讀取文件，非全部        """        xreadlines() -> returns self.                 For backward compatibility. File objects now include the performance        optimizations previously implemented in the xreadlines module.        """        pass

with open('log','r') as f:         ...

with open('log1') as obj1, open('log2') as obj2:    pass

with open('nginx.conf','r') as obj1,open('nginx.conf.new','w') as obj2:    for i in obj1.readlines():        i = i.strip()        print i        obj2.write(i)        obj2.write('/n')#讀取nginx.conf每行然后存儲到新的文件nginx.conf.new里！