1 #方法的參數(shù)定義和默認(rèn)參數(shù)的定義 2 def ask_ok(PRompt, retries=4, complaint='Yes or no, please!'): 3        while True: 4               ok = input(prompt) 5               if ok in ('y', 'ye', 'yes'): 6                    print("true"); 7               if ok in ('n', 'no', 'nop', 'nope'): 8                      return False 9                      retries = retries - 110               if retries < 0:11                    raise OSError('uncoOperative user');#相當(dāng)于c#中的throw;12                    print(complaint)13                    14 #方法的調(diào)用15 def show():16        ask_ok("please input docstring");17 18 19 #默認(rèn)值的共享20 def  fun(n,args=[]):21         args.append(n);22         return args;23 24 print(fun(2));    25 print(fun(3));#長(zhǎng)度加126 print(fun(4));#長(zhǎng)度加127 28 29 30 #除去默認(rèn)值的累計(jì),->為注釋,表示方法的返回值類型31 def  func(n,args=None)->[]:32         if args is None:33              args=[];34         args.append(n);35         return args;36     37 print(func(2));    38 print(func(3));#長(zhǎng)度139 print(func(4));#長(zhǎng)度140 41 42 43 44 #*當(dāng)最后一個(gè)形參以 **name 形式出現(xiàn)，它接收一個(gè)字典 (見映射類型 —— 字典) ，該字典包含了所有未出現(xiàn)在形式參數(shù)列表中的關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)。45 #它還可能與 *name 形式的參數(shù)（在下一小節(jié)中所述）組合使用，*name 接收一個(gè)包含所有沒有出現(xiàn)在形式參數(shù)列表中的位置參數(shù)元組。46 #(*name 必須出現(xiàn)在 ** name 之前。)例如，如果我們定義這樣的函數(shù)：47 48 def getInfo(info,*argument,**keyWords):49        print("this is ",info);50        for msg in argument:51              print(msg);52        for kw in keywords:53              print(kw,":",keywords[kw]);54                55 getInfo("Limburger", "It's very runny, sir.",56            "It's really very, VERY runny, sir.",57            shopkeeper="Michael Palin",58            client="John Cleese",59            sketch="Cheese Shop Sketch");60 61 #參數(shù)的分拆62 def parrot(name="xiaoxiao",age=24):63        print("my name is",name,end='');64        print("and my age is ",age,end='');65 66 student={"name":"jack","age":25};67 parrot(**student);68 69 stu=["jack",25];70 parrot(*stu);71 72 #pairs = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'four')]73 #pairs.sort(key=lambda pair: pair[1])74 75 #lamda表達(dá)式的使用,就是逆名函數(shù)76 def sorter(L=None):77        if L is None:78             L=[];           79        L.sort(key=lambda pair:pair[1]);80        return L;81     82 L = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'four')];83 print(sorter(L));84 85 #文檔字符串86 def myfunction():87        """Do nothing,,,but88        No,really,,,it doesn't89        """;90        pass;91 92 print(myfunction.__doc__);