這篇文章主要介紹了Python hmac模塊使用實例解析,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,需要的朋友可以參考下

hmac模塊的作用：

用于驗證信息的完整性。

1、hmac消息簽名(默認使用MD5加算法)

hmac_md5.py

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import hmac#默認使用是md5算法digest_maker = hmac.new('secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'))with open('content.txt', 'rb') as f:  while True:    block = f.read(1024)    if not block:      break    digest_maker.update(block)digest = digest_maker.hexdigest()print(digest)

content.txt

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Donecegestas, enim et consectetuer ullamcorper, lectus ligula rutrum leo, aelementum elit tortor eu quam. Duis tincidunt nisi ut ante. Nullafacilisi. Sed tristique eros eu libero. Pellentesque vel arcu. Vivamuspurus orci, iaculis ac, suscipit sit amet, pulvinar eu,lacus. Praesent placerat tortor sed nisl. Nunc blandit diam egestasdui. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus etmalesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Aliquam viverra fringillaleo. Nulla feugiat augue eleifend nulla. Vivamus mauris. Vivamus sedmauris in nibh placerat egestas. Suspendisse potenti. Mauris massa. Uteget velit auctor tortor blandit sollicitudin. Suspendisse imperdietjusto.

運行效果

[root@ mnt]# python3 hmac_md5.py 79cbf5942e8f67be558bc28610c02117

2、hmac消息簽名摘要(使用SHA1加算法)

hmac_sha1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import hmacdigest_maker = hmac.new('secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'), b'', digestmod='sha1')# hmac.new(key,msg,digestmod)# key:加鹽的key,# msg:加密的內(nèi)容，# digestmod：加密的方式with open('hmac_sha1.py', 'rb') as f:  while True:    block = f.read(1024)    if not block:      break    digest_maker.update(block)digest = digest_maker.hexdigest()print(digest)

運行效果

[root@ mnt]# python3 hmac_sha1.py e5c012eac5fa76a274f77ee678e6cc98cad8fff9

3、hmac二進制消息簽名摘要(使用SHA1加算法)

hmac_base64.py

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import hmacimport base64import hashlibwith open('test.py', 'rb') as f:  body = f.read()# 默認使用是md5算法digest_maker = hmac.new('secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'), body, hashlib.sha1)# hmac.new(key,msg,digestmod)# key:加鹽的key,# msg:加密的內(nèi)容，# digestmod：加密的方式digest = digest_maker.digest() # 默認內(nèi)容是字節(jié)類型，所以需要base64print(base64.encodebytes(digest)) #注意base64結果是以/n結束，所以Http頭部或其它傳輸時，需要去除/n

運行效果

[root@ mnt]# python3 hmac_base64.py b'Y9a4OMRqU4DB6Ks/hGfru+MNXAw=/n'

4、hmac摘要數(shù)據(jù)比較示例

hmac_pickle.py

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import hashlibimport hmacimport ioimport pickledef make_digest(message):  "返消息摘要，加密碼后的結果"  hash = hmac.new(    'secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'),    message,    hashlib.sha1  )  return hash.hexdigest().encode('utf-8')class SimpleObject(object):  def __init__(self, name):    self.name = name  def __str__(self):    return self.name# 輸出緩沖區(qū)out_s = io.BytesIO()o = SimpleObject('digest matches')pickle_data = pickle.dumps(o) # 序列化digest = make_digest(pickle_data) # 使用sha1加密算法header = b'%s  %d/n' % (digest, len(pickle_data))print('提示：{}'.format(header))out_s.write(header) # 將消息頭寫入緩沖區(qū)out_s.write(pickle_data) # 將序列化內(nèi)容寫入緩沖區(qū)o = SimpleObject('digest does not matches')pickle_data = pickle.dumps(o)digest = make_digest(b'not the pickled data at all')header = b'%s  %d/n' % (digest, len(pickle_data))print('提示：{}'.format(header))out_s.write(header) # 將消息頭寫入緩沖區(qū)out_s.write(pickle_data) # 將序列化內(nèi)容寫入緩沖區(qū)out_s.flush() # 刷新緩沖區(qū)# 輸入緩沖區(qū)in_s = io.BytesIO(out_s.getvalue())while True:  first_line = in_s.readline()  if not first_line:    break  incoming_digest, incoming_length = first_line.split(b'  ')  incoming_length = int(incoming_length.decode('utf-8'))  print('讀取到：', incoming_digest, incoming_length)  incoming_pickled_data = in_s.read(incoming_length)  actual_digest = make_digest(incoming_pickled_data) # 實際的摘要  print('實際值:', actual_digest)  if hmac.compare_digest(actual_digest, incoming_digest): # 比較兩個摘要是否相等    obj = pickle.loads(incoming_pickled_data)    print('OK:', obj)  else:    print('數(shù)據(jù)不完整')