前言：
varnish 為目前新興起來的軟件，由于中文文檔比較少，配置文件比較復(fù)雜，所以在運用起來也是特別的費勁。一個偶然的機會在一個群里，有位varnish高手（ sens楊 ）發(fā)表了一篇他對varnish配置文件理解的文檔。對于學(xué)者來說很有價值。所以轉(zhuǎn)載了過來。

原文如下：

varnish配置文件原文地址:http://groups.drupal.org/node/63203

注：紅色字體是英文的直接翻譯，有些地方翻譯的不好
綠色部分是一些思考，這個配置對自身的業(yè)務(wù)配置的很詳細，現(xiàn)在對除了cookie和TTL那部分外其他可以理解80%，慢慢學(xué)習(xí)體會

1. backend default {  
2.   .host = "127.0.0.1";  
3.   .port = "8008";  
4.   .connect_timeout = 600s;  
5.   .first_byte_timeout = 600s;  
6.   .between_bytes_timeout = 600s;  
7. }  
8.   
9. backend lighttpd {  
10.   .host = "127.0.0.1";  
11.   .port = "81";  
12.   .connect_timeout = 600s;  
13.   .first_byte_timeout = 600s;  
14.   .between_bytes_timeout = 600s;  
15. }  
16.   
17. acl techmission_internal {  
18.   "localhost";  
19.   "127.0.0.1";  
20. }  
21. sub vcl_recv {  
22.   // Allow a grace period for offering "stale" data in case backend lags (http://varnish-cache.org/wiki/VCLExampleGrace)  
23. // 如果backend數(shù)據(jù)滯后，允許為“過時”數(shù)據(jù)提供一個寬松期  
24.   set req.grace = 5m;  
25.   // block outside world from our test sites  
26. // 阻止非自己說測試網(wǎng)站（的數(shù)據(jù)訪問）  
27.   if ((req.http.host ~ "www.domain1.org|www.domain2.org") && !(client.ip ~ techmission_internal) && !(req.url ~ "^/ad|^/files")) {  
28.     error 403 "Forbidden";  
29.   }  
30.   if((req.url ~ "/server-status" || req.url ~ "/whm-server-status") && !(client.ip ~ techmission_internal)) {  
31.   error 404 "Not Found";  
32.   }  
33.   // add ping url to test Varnish status  
34. // 增加ping URL測試varnish狀態(tài)（這個功能使用大部分vcl都沒配置，可以增加一個監(jiān)控狀態(tài)）  
35.   if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "/varnish-ping") {  
36.   error 200 "OK";  
37.   }  
38. /* Normalize host header to reduce variation in cache */  
39. // 使host頭規(guī)范化，以減少在cache中變化（這個為什么會說變化呢？）  
40. if (req.http.host == "domain.org" && req.url !~ "^/blogs") {  
41.   set req.http.host = "www.domain.org";  
42. }  
43.   
44. /* Normalize Accept-Encoding to reduce effects of Vary: Accept-Encoding   
45.    (cf. http://varnish-cache.org/wiki/FAQ/Compression)  
46.    Also note that Vary: User-Agent is considered harmful   
47.    (cf. http://www.mail-archive.com/varnish-misc@projects.linpro.no/msg03296.html) */  
48. //規(guī)范化Accept-Encoding以減少Vary：Accept-Encoding影響（cf），也要注意Vary: User-Agent認為是有害的  
49.   
50.   if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {  
51. //if先判斷是否可以存在，是為了縮小處理范圍？  
52. //看到的其他大部分配置直接就下面了，沒有先判斷Accept-Encoding是否存在，這點可以再考慮考慮  
53. //現(xiàn)在有req.can_gzip參數(shù)了，判斷客戶端是否接受壓縮代碼傳輸  
54.     if (req.url ~ "/.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$") {  
55.       // Don't compress already-compressed files  
56.       remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;  
57.     }   
58.     elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {  
59.         set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";  
60.     }   
61.     elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {  
62.         set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";  
63.     }   
64.     else {  
65.       // unknown algorithm  
66. // 不了解運算  
67.       remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;  
68.     }  
69.   }  
70.   
71.   // Remove has_js and Google Analytics __* cookies. Also remove collapsiblock cookies.  
72. //刪除has_js和谷歌統(tǒng)計__*的cookies，同時刪除collapsiblock cookies  
73.   set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;/s*)(__[a-z]+|__utma_a2a|has_js|collapsiblock)=[^;]*", "");  
74.   // Remove JSESSIONID cookie from ChristianVolunteering.org static files and pages that are same for all users  
75. //從ChristianVolunteering.org靜態(tài)文件和網(wǎng)頁中刪除JSESSIONID cookie，所有的用戶是一樣（處理）的  
76.     if (req.http.host ~ "christianvolunteering.org" &&  
77.          (req.url ~ "^/$" ||  
78.           req.url ~ "(searchform|advancedsearch|shorttermmissions|recruitvolunteers|volunteergettingstarted|virtualvolunteer|organizationsearch|abs-bible-outreach|ab*ecutive-volunteers|abs-traveling-engagement-center|churchinstructions|sitemap|city|virtual|organizationlistings|orglistings7407|technology|volunteerlistings|forgotpassword|churchvolunteer|churchvolunteering|servicetrip|region|citysitemap|searchformadv|personalitytest|groupvolunteering|disasterreliefvolunteering|disasterrelief|internships|christiangapyear|about|FAQs|bookrecommendations|contact|pressrelease|training|volunteerstart|volunteerstories|articles)/.jsp$" ||  
79.           req.url ~ "org/org[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||  
80.           req.url ~ "org/opp[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||  
81.           req.url ~ "orglistings[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||  
82.           req.url ~ "org/[^/]+/.jsp$" ||  
83.           req.url ~ "volunteer/[^/]+/.jsp$")  
84.         ) {   
85.     set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;/s*)(JSESSIONID)=[^;]*", "");  
86.   }  
87.   // Remove a ";" prefix, if present.  
88. //如果有”;”前綴，則刪除  
89.   set req.http.Cookie = regsub(req.http.Cookie, "^;/s*", "");  
90.   // Remove empty cookies.  
91. // 刪除空cookies  
92.   if (req.http.Cookie ~ "^/s*$") {  
93.     unset req.http.Cookie;  
94.   }   
95.   
96.   // exclude umjobs and gospelpedia test sites  
97. // 排除umjos和gospelpedia測試站點  
98.   if (req.http.host ~ "domain1.org" || req.http.host ~ "domain2.org") {  
99.     return (pass);  
100.   }  
101.   
102.   // exclude the cron and supercron pages  
103. // 排除cron和supercron網(wǎng)頁  
104.   if (req.url ~ "cron.php") {  
105.     return (pass);  
106.   }  
107.   // exclude dynamic pages (as did Boost)  
108. // 排除動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁（也是提高（處理））  
109.   if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.url ~ "^/(user/login|user/password|user/register|logout|cart|post-blog|site-feedback|cgi-bin/webscr|redirect-home|cv-enroll|recommended-content|node/8755|node/8830|node/8351|node/8757|node/8831|cart/(.*)|uc_paypal/(.*)|civicrm/(.*)|admin/(.*)|recommended-content/(.*)|comment/reply/(.*)|node/add/(.*))" ) {  
110.     return (pass);  
111.   }  
112.   
113.   // exclude in case of Referer Theme  
114. // 排除Referer的一些主題  
115.   if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.http.referer ~ "www.christianvolunteering.org|worldvision.christianvolunteering.org|ccda.christianvolunteering.org|www.ccda.org|www.urbanresource.net|mobile.urbanministry.org|www.ministeriourbano.com") {  
116.     return (pass);  
117.   }  
118.   /* Rules to fix Moodle (thanks, gchaix!) */  
119. // 修復(fù)Moodle規(guī)則  
120.    // Cache Moodle theme files  
121. //緩存Moodle主題文件  
122.    if (req.url ~ "/pix/.*/.gif$") {  
123.      return (lookup);  
124.    }  
125.   
126.     // Moodle doesn't like to be cached, passing  
127. //Moodle主題不能緩存的就pass  
128.     if (req.http.Cookie ~ "(MoodleSession|MoodleSessionTest)") {  
129.       return (pass);  
130.     }  
131.     if (req.http.host == "www.domain.edu" && req.url ~ "^/courses") {  
132.       return (pass);  
133.     }  
134.     if (req.url ~ "file.php") {  
135.       return (pass);  
136.     }  
137.   
138.     // WPMU themes are not playing well with static file caching  
139. //WPMU主題使用靜態(tài)文件緩存運行的不太好  
140.     if (req.http.host == "domain.org" && req.url ~ "/blogs/(.*)/wp-content/themes") {  
141.       return (pass);  
142.     }  
143.   /* Rules for static file caching */  
144.   /* 靜態(tài)文件緩存規(guī)則  
145.   // static files get served by Lighttpd  
146. // 使用Lightted服務(wù)靜態(tài)文件  
147.   if (req.http.host != "server2.techmission.org" && req.url ~ "/.(gif|jpg|swf|css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|tif|svg|swf|ico|doc|ppt|pps|xls|odc|odb|odf|odg|odi|odp|ods|odt|sxc|sxd|sxi|sxw)$") {  
148.      // Lighttpd does not require cookies  
149.      unset req.http.Cookie;  
150.      unset req.http.Authorization;  
151.      set req.backend = lighttpd;  
152.   }  
153.   
154.   // large media files get piped directly to lighttpd, to avoid overfilling cache  
155. // 大媒體文件直接使用pipe方式到lightted，避免緩存溢出  
156.   if (req.url ~ "/.(mp3|mp4|m4a|ogg|mov|avi|wmv)$" && req.url !~ "audio/download") {  
157.     set req.backend = lighttpd;  
158.     pipe;  
159.   }  
160.   // pipe large media files that come from Drupal, also, but they can't go to lighty  
161. // pipe從Drupal過來的大媒體文件，同時不去lighty  
162.   if (req.url ~ "audio/play" || req.url ~ "audio/download") {  
163.     pipe;  
164.   }  
165.   
166. }  
167. sub vcl_hash {  
168.   if (req.http.Cookie) {  
169.     set req.hash += req.http.Cookie;  
170.   }  
171.   /* Have a separate object cache for mobile site based on User-Agent */  
172. /* 基于User-Agent的移動網(wǎng)站有一個單獨的對象緩存  
173.   if (req.http.host == "www.domain.org" && req.http.User-Agent ~ "(iPhone|iPod)") {  
174.     set req.hash += "mobile";  
175.   }  
176. }  
177. sub vcl_fetch {  
178.   // Grace to allow varnish to serve content if backend is lagged  
179. // 如果backend滯后，允許varnish服務(wù)內(nèi)容有一個緩沖期  
180.   set obj.grace = 5m;  
181.   
182.   // Add line showing what cookie is once stripped by regex in vcl_recv  
183. //在vcl_recv中通過regex增加展示cookie一次被剝奪的行  
184.   set obj.http.X-Stripped-Cookie = req.http.Cookie;  
185.   set obj.http.X-Request-URL = req.url;  
186.   
187.   /* removing Set-Cookie headers that prevent caching */  
188.  //刪除那些阻止緩存的Set-Cookie頭  
189.   // Don't have cookies on static files (gchaix says may cause loss of session; I haven't observed that)  
190.     if (req.url ~ "/.(gif|jpg|swf|css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|tif|svg|swf|ico|doc|ppt|pps|xls|odc|odb|odf|odg|odi|odp|ods|odt|sxc|sxd|sxi|sxw)$") {  
191.     remove obj.http.Set-Cookie;  
192.   }  
193.   
194.   // Don't set session cookie on ChristianVolunteering.org static files or pages that are same for all users  
195. //對于（頭）ChristianVolunteering.org的靜態(tài)文件和網(wǎng)頁，對所有用戶不設(shè)置session cookie  
196.     if (req.http.host ~ "christianvolunteering.org" &&  
197.          (req.url ~ "^/$" ||  
198.           req.url ~ "(searchform|advancedsearch|shorttermmissions|recruitvolunteers|volunteergettingstarted|virtualvolunteer|organizationsearch|abs-bible-outreach|ab*ecutive-volunteers|abs-traveling-engagement-center|churchinstructions|sitemap|city|virtual|organizationlistings|orglistings7407|technology|volunteerlistings|forgotpassword|churchvolunteer|churchvolunteering|servicetrip|region|citysitemap|searchformadv|personalitytest|groupvolunteering|disasterreliefvolunteering|disasterrelief|internships|christiangapyear|about|FAQs|bookrecommendations|contact|pressrelease|training|volunteerstart|volunteerstories|articles)/.jsp$" ||  
199.           req.url ~ "org/org[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||  
200.           req.url ~ "org/opp[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||  
201.           req.url ~ "orglistings[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||  
202.   req.url ~ "org/[^/]+/.jsp$" ||  
203.           req.url ~ "volunteer/[^/]+/.jsp$")  
204.         ) {     
205.     set obj.http.Set-Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;/s*)(JSESSIONID)=[^;]*", "");  
206.     // Remove empty set-cookie.  
207.     if (obj.http.Set-Cookie ~ "^/s*$") {  
208.       unset obj.http.Set-Cookie;  
209.     }  
210.   }  
211.   
212. /* ttl extensions */  
213. /* ttl 擴展 */  
214. // If on www.urbanministry.org or static.urbanministry.org, extend TTL by default (pt. 1)  
215. //對于www.urbanministry.org或static.urbanministry.org，默認情況下擴展TTL  
216.   if (req.http.host == "www.domain.org" || req.http.host == "static.domain.org") {  
217.     set obj.http.X-TTL-Extend = "YES";  
218.   }  
219.   
220.   // If on cityvision.edu, but not in Moodle, or if on blazinggrace.org, but not in forums, or if on techmission.org, change obj.ttl  
221. //如果主機頭是cityvision.edu但是不在Moodle中，或者主機頭是blazinggrace.org，但不在forums中，或者主機頭是techmission.org，更改obj.ttl  
222.   if ((req.http.host ~ "domain.edu" && req.url !~ "/courses") || (req.http.host ~ "blazinggrace.org" && req.url !~ "/forums")  || (req.http.host ~ "techmission.org")) {  
223.    set obj.ttl = 7d;  
224.    set obj.http.X-Extended-TTL = "7d";  
225. }  
226.   
227. if (obj.status == 404) {   
228.    set obj.ttl = 1s;   
229. if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
230. }   
231.   
232.   /* debugging of why a page was not cacheable */  
233. /* debug為什么頁面沒有緩存 */  
234.   if (!obj.cacheable) {  
235.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Varnish says not cacheable " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
236.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
237.   }  
238.   
239.   
240.   // exclude umjobs and gospelpedia test sites  
241. // 排除umjobs和gospelpedia測試站點  
242.   if (req.http.host ~ "domain1.org" || req.http.host ~ "domain2.org") {  
243.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Test domain " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
244.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
245.   }  
246.   
247.   if (obj.http.Set-Cookie) {  
248.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Set-Cookie " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
249.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
250.   }  
251.   
252.   if (req.http.Cookie ~ "DRUPAL_UID|SESS") {  
253.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Got Session " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
254.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
255.   }  
256.   
257.   if (obj.http.Cache-Control ~ "private" || obj.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache") {  
258.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Cache-Control set to not cache " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
259.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
260.   }  
261.   
262.   if (req.url ~ "cron.php") {  
263.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Cron job " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
264.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
265.   }  
266.   
267.   if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.url ~ "^/(user/login|user/password|user/register|logout|cart|post-blog|site-feedback|cgi-bin/webscr|redirect-home|cv-enroll|recommended-content|node/8755|node/8830|node/8351|node/8757|node/8831|cart/(.*)|uc_paypal/(.*)|civicrm/(.*)|admin/(.*)|recommended-content/(.*)|comment/reply/(.*)|node/add/(.*))" ) {  
268.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Drupal un-cacheable path " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
269.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
270.   }  
271.   
272.   if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.http.referer ~ "www.christianvolunteering.org|worldvision.christianvolunteering.org|ccda.christianvolunteering.org|www.ccda.org|www.urbanresource.net|mobile.urbanministry.org|www.ministeriourbano.com") {  
273.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Referer Theme " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
274.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
275.   }  
276.   
277.   if (req.request == "POST") {  
278.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: POST request " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
279.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
280.   }  
281.   
282.   if (req.http.Authorization) {  
283.     set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: HTTP Authentication " obj.http.X-Cacheable;  
284.     if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  
285.   }  
286.   
287.   // extend TTL for urbanministry.org objects (but not panels, views, or quicktabs); invalidation thru varnish.module + um_common.module  
288. //為urbaministry.org對象擴展TTL（不是面板、視圖，或者quicktabs）；經(jīng)過varnish.module + um_common.module失效  
289.   if((req.http.host == "www.domain.org" || req.http.host == "static.domain.org") && obj.http.X-TTL-Extend == "YES" && !obj.http.X-Cache-Type) {  
290.     set obj.ttl = 7d;  
291.     set obj.http.X-Extended-TTL = "7d";  
292.   }  
293.   
294. }  
295. sub vcl_deliver {  
296. # return (deliver);  
297.   // add cache hit data  
298. // 增加緩存命中數(shù)據(jù)  
299.   if (obj.hits > 0) {  
300.     // if hit add hit count  
301. // 如果命中，增加命中數(shù)  
302.     set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT";  
303.     set resp.http.X-Cache-Hits = obj.hits;  
304.     // set resp.http.X-Cache-Served-URL = "SERVED " obj.http.X-Request-URL; // http headers are apparently not accessible in vcl_deliver  
305. //在vcl_deliver中http頭明顯不可訪問  
306.     // set resp.http.X-Cache-TTL = obj.ttl; // string representation not implemented yet (currently on 2.0.5)  
307.   }  
308.   else {  
309.     set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";  
310.   }  
311. }  
312. /* custom error subroutine - to be a little friendlier to our users */  
313. //指定error子程序，對用戶有好些  
314. sub vcl_error {  
315. if(obj.status == 503) {  
316.     set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";  
317.     synthetic {"  
318. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
319. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"  
320. "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">  
321. <html>  
322.   <head>  
323.     <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title>  
324. </head>  
325.   <body>  
326.     <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>  
327.     <p>"} obj.response {"</p>  
328. <p>Sorry we missed you!</p>  
329. <p>We are currently upgrading our websites to serve you better. We should be up again soon.</p>  
330. <p>If you still receive this message 30 minutes from now, please email webmaster@techmission.org.</p>  
331.     <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>  
332.     <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>  
333.     <hr>  
334.     <address>  
335.        Served by <a href="http://www.varnish-cache.org/">Varnish cache server</a>  
336.     </address>  
337.   </body>  
338. </html>  
339. "};  
340.     return (deliver);  
341. }  
342. elsif(obj.status == 403) {  
343.     set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";  
344.     synthetic {"  
345. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
346. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"  
347. "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">  
348. <html>  
349.   <head>  
350.     <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title>  
351. </head>  
352.   <body>  
353.     <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>  
354.     <p>"} obj.response {"</p>  
355. <h2>TechMission Developer Access Only</h2>  
356. <p>This page is only accessible to our staff. Please visit our main websites www.techmission.org,www.urbanministry.org, and " title="www.christianvolunteering.org.  
357. " style="color: rgb(2, 122, 198); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; ">www.christianvolunteering.org.</p>  
358. <!-- (If you should have access to this page, edit the VCL file to grant yourself access (by adding your current IP to the ACL) and then reload the VCL.) -->  
359.     <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>  
360.     <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>  
361.     <hr>  
362.     <address>  
363.        Served by <a href="http://www.varnish-cache.org/">Varnish cache server</a>  
364.     </address>  
365.   </body>  
366. </html>  
367. "};   
368.     return (deliver);  
369. }  
370. else {  
371.     set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";  
372.     synthetic {"  
373. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
374. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"  
375. "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">  
376. <html>  
377.   <head>  
378.     <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title>  
379. </head>  
380.   <body>  
381.     <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>  
382.     <p>"} obj.response {"</p>  
383.     <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>  
384.     <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>  
385.     <hr>  
386.     <address>  
387.        Served by <a href="http://www.varnish-cache.org/">Varnish cache server</a>  
388.     </address>  
389.   </body>  
390. </html>  
391. "};   
392.     return (deliver);  
393. }  
394. } 

在這里感謝 sens楊 同學(xué)對配置文檔的解釋。

下面VEVB武林網(wǎng)小編特整理的沒有前面數(shù)字的文件方法大家使用

backend default {  .host = "127.0.0.1";  .port = "8008";  .connect_timeout = 600s;  .first_byte_timeout = 600s;  .between_bytes_timeout = 600s; }  backend lighttpd {  .host = "127.0.0.1";  .port = "81";  .connect_timeout = 600s;  .first_byte_timeout = 600s;  .between_bytes_timeout = 600s; }  acl techmission_internal {  "localhost";  "127.0.0.1"; } sub vcl_recv {  // Allow a grace period for offering "stale" data in case backend lags (http://varnish-cache.org/wiki/VCLExampleGrace) // 如果backend數(shù)據(jù)滯后，允許為“過時”數(shù)據(jù)提供一個寬松期  set req.grace = 5m;  // block outside world from our test sites // 阻止非自己說測試網(wǎng)站（的數(shù)據(jù)訪問）  if ((req.http.host ~ "www.domain1.org|www.domain2.org") && !(client.ip ~ techmission_internal) && !(req.url ~ "^/ad|^/files")) {   error 403 "Forbidden";  }  if((req.url ~ "/server-status" || req.url ~ "/whm-server-status") && !(client.ip ~ techmission_internal)) {  error 404 "Not Found";  }  // add ping url to test Varnish status // 增加ping URL測試varnish狀態(tài)（這個功能使用大部分vcl都沒配置，可以增加一個監(jiān)控狀態(tài)）  if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "/varnish-ping") {  error 200 "OK";  } /* Normalize host header to reduce variation in cache */ // 使host頭規(guī)范化，以減少在cache中變化（這個為什么會說變化呢？） if (req.http.host == "domain.org" && req.url !~ "^/blogs") {  set req.http.host = "www.domain.org"; }  /* Normalize Accept-Encoding to reduce effects of Vary: Accept-Encoding    (cf. http://varnish-cache.org/wiki/FAQ/Compression)   Also note that Vary: User-Agent is considered harmful    (cf. http://www.mail-archive.com/varnish-misc@projects.linpro.no/msg03296.html) */ //規(guī)范化Accept-Encoding以減少Vary：Accept-Encoding影響（cf），也要注意Vary: User-Agent認為是有害的   if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { //if先判斷是否可以存在，是為了縮小處理范圍？ //看到的其他大部分配置直接就下面了，沒有先判斷Accept-Encoding是否存在，這點可以再考慮考慮 //現(xiàn)在有req.can_gzip參數(shù)了，判斷客戶端是否接受壓縮代碼傳輸   if (req.url ~ "/.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$") {    // Don't compress already-compressed files    remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;   }    elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {     set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";   }    elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {     set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";   }    else {    // unknown algorithm // 不了解運算    remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;   }  }   // Remove has_js and Google Analytics __* cookies. Also remove collapsiblock cookies. //刪除has_js和谷歌統(tǒng)計__*的cookies，同時刪除collapsiblock cookies  set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;/s*)(__[a-z]+|__utma_a2a|has_js|collapsiblock)=[^;]*", "");  // Remove JSESSIONID cookie from ChristianVolunteering.org static files and pages that are same for all users //從ChristianVolunteering.org靜態(tài)文件和網(wǎng)頁中刪除JSESSIONID cookie，所有的用戶是一樣（處理）的   if (req.http.host ~ "christianvolunteering.org" &&      (req.url ~ "^/$" ||      req.url ~ "(searchform|advancedsearch|shorttermmissions|recruitvolunteers|volunteergettingstarted|virtualvolunteer|organizationsearch|abs-bible-outreach|ab*ecutive-volunteers|abs-traveling-engagement-center|churchinstructions|sitemap|city|virtual|organizationlistings|orglistings7407|technology|volunteerlistings|forgotpassword|churchvolunteer|churchvolunteering|servicetrip|region|citysitemap|searchformadv|personalitytest|groupvolunteering|disasterreliefvolunteering|disasterrelief|internships|christiangapyear|about|FAQs|bookrecommendations|contact|pressrelease|training|volunteerstart|volunteerstories|articles)/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "org/org[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "org/opp[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "orglistings[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "org/[^/]+/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "volunteer/[^/]+/.jsp$")     ) {    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;/s*)(JSESSIONID)=[^;]*", "");  }  // Remove a ";" prefix, if present. //如果有”;”前綴，則刪除  set req.http.Cookie = regsub(req.http.Cookie, "^;/s*", "");  // Remove empty cookies. // 刪除空cookies  if (req.http.Cookie ~ "^/s*$") {   unset req.http.Cookie;  }    // exclude umjobs and gospelpedia test sites // 排除umjos和gospelpedia測試站點  if (req.http.host ~ "domain1.org" || req.http.host ~ "domain2.org") {   return (pass);  }   // exclude the cron and supercron pages // 排除cron和supercron網(wǎng)頁  if (req.url ~ "cron.php") {   return (pass);  }  // exclude dynamic pages (as did Boost) // 排除動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁（也是提高（處理））  if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.url ~ "^/(user/login|user/password|user/register|logout|cart|post-blog|site-feedback|cgi-bin/webscr|redirect-home|cv-enroll|recommended-content|node/8755|node/8830|node/8351|node/8757|node/8831|cart/(.*)|uc_paypal/(.*)|civicrm/(.*)|admin/(.*)|recommended-content/(.*)|comment/reply/(.*)|node/add/(.*))" ) {   return (pass);  }   // exclude in case of Referer Theme // 排除Referer的一些主題  if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.http.referer ~ "www.christianvolunteering.org|worldvision.christianvolunteering.org|ccda.christianvolunteering.org|www.ccda.org|www.urbanresource.net|mobile.urbanministry.org|www.ministeriourbano.com") {   return (pass);  }  /* Rules to fix Moodle (thanks, gchaix!) */ // 修復(fù)Moodle規(guī)則   // Cache Moodle theme files //緩存Moodle主題文件   if (req.url ~ "/pix/.*/.gif$") {    return (lookup);   }    // Moodle doesn't like to be cached, passing //Moodle主題不能緩存的就pass   if (req.http.Cookie ~ "(MoodleSession|MoodleSessionTest)") {    return (pass);   }   if (req.http.host == "www.domain.edu" && req.url ~ "^/courses") {    return (pass);   }   if (req.url ~ "file.php") {    return (pass);   }    // WPMU themes are not playing well with static file caching //WPMU主題使用靜態(tài)文件緩存運行的不太好   if (req.http.host == "domain.org" && req.url ~ "/blogs/(.*)/wp-content/themes") {    return (pass);   }  /* Rules for static file caching */  /* 靜態(tài)文件緩存規(guī)則  // static files get served by Lighttpd // 使用Lightted服務(wù)靜態(tài)文件  if (req.http.host != "server2.techmission.org" && req.url ~ "/.(gif|jpg|swf|css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|tif|svg|swf|ico|doc|ppt|pps|xls|odc|odb|odf|odg|odi|odp|ods|odt|sxc|sxd|sxi|sxw)$") {    // Lighttpd does not require cookies    unset req.http.Cookie;    unset req.http.Authorization;    set req.backend = lighttpd;  }   // large media files get piped directly to lighttpd, to avoid overfilling cache // 大媒體文件直接使用pipe方式到lightted，避免緩存溢出  if (req.url ~ "/.(mp3|mp4|m4a|ogg|mov|avi|wmv)$" && req.url !~ "audio/download") {   set req.backend = lighttpd;   pipe;  }  // pipe large media files that come from Drupal, also, but they can't go to lighty // pipe從Drupal過來的大媒體文件，同時不去lighty  if (req.url ~ "audio/play" || req.url ~ "audio/download") {   pipe;  }  } sub vcl_hash {  if (req.http.Cookie) {   set req.hash += req.http.Cookie;  }  /* Have a separate object cache for mobile site based on User-Agent */ /* 基于User-Agent的移動網(wǎng)站有一個單獨的對象緩存  if (req.http.host == "www.domain.org" && req.http.User-Agent ~ "(iPhone|iPod)") {   set req.hash += "mobile";  } } sub vcl_fetch {  // Grace to allow varnish to serve content if backend is lagged // 如果backend滯后，允許varnish服務(wù)內(nèi)容有一個緩沖期  set obj.grace = 5m;   // Add line showing what cookie is once stripped by regex in vcl_recv //在vcl_recv中通過regex增加展示cookie一次被剝奪的行  set obj.http.X-Stripped-Cookie = req.http.Cookie;  set obj.http.X-Request-URL = req.url;   /* removing Set-Cookie headers that prevent caching */  //刪除那些阻止緩存的Set-Cookie頭  // Don't have cookies on static files (gchaix says may cause loss of session; I haven't observed that)   if (req.url ~ "/.(gif|jpg|swf|css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|tif|svg|swf|ico|doc|ppt|pps|xls|odc|odb|odf|odg|odi|odp|ods|odt|sxc|sxd|sxi|sxw)$") {   remove obj.http.Set-Cookie;  }   // Don't set session cookie on ChristianVolunteering.org static files or pages that are same for all users //對于（頭）ChristianVolunteering.org的靜態(tài)文件和網(wǎng)頁，對所有用戶不設(shè)置session cookie   if (req.http.host ~ "christianvolunteering.org" &&      (req.url ~ "^/$" ||      req.url ~ "(searchform|advancedsearch|shorttermmissions|recruitvolunteers|volunteergettingstarted|virtualvolunteer|organizationsearch|abs-bible-outreach|ab*ecutive-volunteers|abs-traveling-engagement-center|churchinstructions|sitemap|city|virtual|organizationlistings|orglistings7407|technology|volunteerlistings|forgotpassword|churchvolunteer|churchvolunteering|servicetrip|region|citysitemap|searchformadv|personalitytest|groupvolunteering|disasterreliefvolunteering|disasterrelief|internships|christiangapyear|about|FAQs|bookrecommendations|contact|pressrelease|training|volunteerstart|volunteerstories|articles)/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "org/org[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "org/opp[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "orglistings[0-9]+/.jsp$" ||  req.url ~ "org/[^/]+/.jsp$" ||      req.url ~ "volunteer/[^/]+/.jsp$")     ) {     set obj.http.Set-Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;/s*)(JSESSIONID)=[^;]*", "");   // Remove empty set-cookie.   if (obj.http.Set-Cookie ~ "^/s*$") {    unset obj.http.Set-Cookie;   }  }  /* ttl extensions */ /* ttl 擴展 */ // If on www.urbanministry.org or static.urbanministry.org, extend TTL by default (pt. 1) //對于www.urbanministry.org或static.urbanministry.org，默認情況下擴展TTL  if (req.http.host == "www.domain.org" || req.http.host == "static.domain.org") {   set obj.http.X-TTL-Extend = "YES";  }   // If on cityvision.edu, but not in Moodle, or if on blazinggrace.org, but not in forums, or if on techmission.org, change obj.ttl //如果主機頭是cityvision.edu但是不在Moodle中，或者主機頭是blazinggrace.org，但不在forums中，或者主機頭是techmission.org，更改obj.ttl  if ((req.http.host ~ "domain.edu" && req.url !~ "/courses") || (req.http.host ~ "blazinggrace.org" && req.url !~ "/forums") || (req.http.host ~ "techmission.org")) {   set obj.ttl = 7d;   set obj.http.X-Extended-TTL = "7d"; }  if (obj.status == 404) {    set obj.ttl = 1s;  if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } }    /* debugging of why a page was not cacheable */ /* debug為什么頁面沒有緩存 */  if (!obj.cacheable) {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Varnish says not cacheable " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }    // exclude umjobs and gospelpedia test sites // 排除umjobs和gospelpedia測試站點  if (req.http.host ~ "domain1.org" || req.http.host ~ "domain2.org") {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Test domain " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (obj.http.Set-Cookie) {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Set-Cookie " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (req.http.Cookie ~ "DRUPAL_UID|SESS") {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Got Session " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (obj.http.Cache-Control ~ "private" || obj.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache") {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Cache-Control set to not cache " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (req.url ~ "cron.php") {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Cron job " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.url ~ "^/(user/login|user/password|user/register|logout|cart|post-blog|site-feedback|cgi-bin/webscr|redirect-home|cv-enroll|recommended-content|node/8755|node/8830|node/8351|node/8757|node/8831|cart/(.*)|uc_paypal/(.*)|civicrm/(.*)|admin/(.*)|recommended-content/(.*)|comment/reply/(.*)|node/add/(.*))" ) {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Drupal un-cacheable path " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.http.referer ~ "www.christianvolunteering.org|worldvision.christianvolunteering.org|ccda.christianvolunteering.org|www.ccda.org|www.urbanresource.net|mobile.urbanministry.org|www.ministeriourbano.com") {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Referer Theme " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (req.request == "POST") {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: POST request " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   if (req.http.Authorization) {   set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: HTTP Authentication " obj.http.X-Cacheable;   if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; }  }   // extend TTL for urbanministry.org objects (but not panels, views, or quicktabs); invalidation thru varnish.module + um_common.module //為urbaministry.org對象擴展TTL（不是面板、視圖，或者quicktabs）；經(jīng)過varnish.module + um_common.module失效  if((req.http.host == "www.domain.org" || req.http.host == "static.domain.org") && obj.http.X-TTL-Extend == "YES" && !obj.http.X-Cache-Type) {   set obj.ttl = 7d;   set obj.http.X-Extended-TTL = "7d";  }  } sub vcl_deliver { # return (deliver);  // add cache hit data // 增加緩存命中數(shù)據(jù)  if (obj.hits > 0) {   // if hit add hit count // 如果命中，增加命中數(shù)   set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT";   set resp.http.X-Cache-Hits = obj.hits;   // set resp.http.X-Cache-Served-URL = "SERVED " obj.http.X-Request-URL; // http headers are apparently not accessible in vcl_deliver //在vcl_deliver中http頭明顯不可訪問   // set resp.http.X-Cache-TTL = obj.ttl; // string representation not implemented yet (currently on 2.0.5)  }  else {   set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";  } } /* custom error subroutine - to be a little friendlier to our users */ //指定error子程序，對用戶有好些 sub vcl_error { if(obj.status == 503) {   set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";   synthetic {" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html>  <head>   <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title> </head>  <body>   <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>   <p>"} obj.response {"</p> <p>Sorry we missed you!</p> <p>We are currently upgrading our websites to serve you better. We should be up again soon.</p> <p>If you still receive this message 30 minutes from now, please email webmaster@techmission.org.</p>   <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>   <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>   <hr>   <address>     Served by <a href="http://www.varnish-cache.org/">Varnish cache server</a>   </address>  </body> </html> "};   return (deliver); } elsif(obj.status == 403) {   set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";   synthetic {" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html>  <head>   <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title> </head>  <body>   <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>   <p>"} obj.response {"</p> <h2>TechMission Developer Access Only</h2> <p>This page is only accessible to our staff. Please visit our main websites www.techmission.org,www.urbanministry.org, and "  <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>   <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>   <hr>   <address>     Served by <a href="http://www.varnish-cache.org/">Varnish cache server</a>   </address>  </body> </html> "};    return (deliver); } else {   set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";   synthetic {" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html>  <head>   <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title> </head>  <body>   <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>   <p>"} obj.response {"</p>   <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>   <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>   <hr>   <address>     Served by <a href="http://www.varnish-cache.org/">Varnish cache server</a>   </address>  </body> </html> "};    return (deliver); } }