--有輸入參數的存儲過程--
create proc GetComment
(@commentid int)
as
select * from Comment where CommentID=@commentid
--有輸入與輸出參數的存儲過程--
create proc GetCommentCount
@newsid int,
@count int output
as
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
--返回單個值的函數--
create function MyFunction
(@newsid int)
returns int
as
begin
declare @count int
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
return @count
end
--調用方法--
declare @count int
exec @count=MyFunction 2
print @count
--返回值為表的函數--
Create function GetFunctionTable
(@newsid int)
returns table
as
return
(select * from Comment where NewsID=@newsid)
--返回值為表的函數的調用--
select * from GetFunctionTable(2)
SQLServer 存儲過程中不拼接SQL字符串實現多條件查詢
--以前拼接的寫法
set @sql=' select * from table where 1=1 '
if (@addDate is not null)
set @sql = @sql+' and addDate = '+ @addDate + ' '
if (@name '' and is not null)
set @sql = @sql+ ' and name = ' + @name + ' '
exec(@sql)
下面是 不采用拼接SQL字符串實現多條件查詢的解決方案
--第一種寫法是 感覺代碼有些冗余
if (@addDate is not null) and (@name '')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate and name = @name
else if (@addDate is not null) and (@name ='')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name '')
select * from table where and name = @name
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name = '')
select * from table
--第二種寫法是
select * from table where (addDate = @addDate or @addDate is null) and (name = @name or @name = '')
--第三種寫法是
SELECT * FROM table where
addDate = CASE @addDate IS NULL THEN addDate ELSE @addDate END,
name = CASE @name WHEN '' THEN name ELSE @name END
SQLSERVER存儲過程基本語法
一、定義變量
--簡單賦值
declare @a int
set @a=5
print @a
--使用select語句賦值
declare @user1 nvarchar(50)
select @user1= '張三'
print @user1
declare @user2 nvarchar(50)
select @user2 = Name from ST_User where ID=1
print @user2
--使用update語句賦值
declare @user3 nvarchar(50)
update ST_User set @user3 = Name where ID=1
print @user3
二、表、臨時表、表變量
--創建臨時表1
create table #DU_User1
(
[ID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL
);
--向臨時表1插入一條記錄
insert into #DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx, Name ,[ Password ],State) values (100,2, 'LS' , '0000' , '臨時' , '321' , '特殊' );
--從ST_User查詢數據，填充至新生成的臨時表
select * into #DU_User2 from ST_User where ID
--查詢并聯合兩臨時表
select * from #DU_User2 where ID
--刪除兩臨時表
drop table #DU_User1
drop table #DU_User2
--創建臨時表
CREATE TABLE #t
(
[ID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL ,
)
--將查詢結果集(多條數據)插入臨時表
insert into #t select * from ST_User
--不能這樣插入
--select * into #t from dbo.ST_User
--添加一列，為int型自增長子段
alter table #t add [myid] int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1)
--添加一列，默認填充全球唯一標識
alter table #t add [myid1] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL default (newid())
select * from #t
drop table #t
--給查詢結果集增加自增長列
--無主鍵時：
select IDENTITY( int ,1,1) as ID, Name ,[Login],[ Password ] into #t from ST_User
select * from #t
--有主鍵時：
select ( select SUM (1) from ST_User where ID a.ID) as myID,* from ST_User a order by myID
--定義表變量
declare @t table
(
id int not null ,
msg nvarchar(50) null
)
insert into @t values (1, '1' )
insert into @t values (2, '2' )
select * from @t
三、循環
--while循環計算1到100的和
declare @a int
declare @ sum int
set @a=1
set @ sum =0
while @a100
begin
set @ sum +=@a
set @a+=1
end
print @ sum
四、條件語句
--if,else條件分支
if(1+1=2)
begin
print '對'
end
else
begin
print '錯'
end
--when then條件分支
declare @today int
declare @week nvarchar(3)
set @today=3
set @week= case
when @today=1 then '星期一'
when @today=2 then '星期二'
when @today=3 then '星期三'
when @today=4 then '星期四'
when @today=5 then '星期五'
when @today=6 then '星期六'
when @today=7 then '星期日'
else '值錯誤'
end
print @week
五、游標
declare @ID int
declare @Oid int
declare @Login varchar (50)
--定義一個游標
declare user_cur cursor for select ID,Oid,[Login] from ST_User
--打開游標
open user_cur
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
--讀取游標
fetch next from user_cur into @ID,@Oid,@Login
print @ID
--print @Login
end
close user_cur
--摧毀游標
deallocate user_cur
五、游標
declare @ID int
declare @Oid int
declare @Login varchar (50)
--定義一個游標
declare user_cur cursor for select ID,Oid,[Login] from ST_User
--打開游標
open user_cur
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
--讀取游標
fetch next from user_cur into @ID,@Oid,@Login
print @ID
--print @Login
end
close user_cur
--摧毀游標
deallocate user_cur
六、觸發器
觸發器中的臨時表：
Inserted
存放進行insert和update 操作后的數據
Deleted
存放進行delete 和update操作前的數據
--創建觸發器
Create trigger User_OnUpdate
On ST_User
for Update
As
declare @msg nvarchar(50)
--@msg記錄修改情況
select @msg = N '姓名從“' + Deleted. Name + N '”修改為“' + Inserted. Name + '”' from Inserted,Deleted
--插入日志表
insert into [LOG](MSG) values (@msg)
--刪除觸發器
drop trigger User_OnUpdate
七、存儲過程
--創建帶output參數的存儲過程
CREATE PROCEDURE PR_Sum
@a int ,
@b int ,
@ sum int output
AS
BEGIN
set @ sum =@a+@b
END
--創建Return返回值存儲過程
CREATE PROCEDURE PR_Sum2
@a int ,
@b int
AS
BEGIN
Return @a+@b
END
--執行存儲過程獲取output型返回值
declare @mysum int
execute PR_Sum 1,2,@mysum output
print @mysum
--執行存儲過程獲取Return型返回值
declare @mysum2 int
execute @mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2
print @mysum2
八、自定義函數
函數的分類：
1)標量值函數
2)表值函數
a:內聯表值函數
b:多語句表值函數
3)系統函數
--新建標量值函數
create function FUNC_Sum1
(
@a int ,
@b int
)
returns int
as
begin
return @a+@b
end
--新建內聯表值函數
create function FUNC_UserTab_1
(
@myId int
)
returns table
as
return ( select * from ST_User where ID@myId)
--新建多語句表值函數
create function FUNC_UserTab_2
(
@myId int
)
returns @t table
(
[ID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL
)
as
begin
insert into @t select * from ST_User where ID@myId
return
end
--調用表值函數
select * from dbo.FUNC_UserTab_1(15)
--調用標量值函數
declare @s int
set @s=dbo.FUNC_Sum1(100,50)
print @s
--刪除標量值函數
drop function FUNC_Sum1
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