主從同步是實現網站分布式數據處理一個非常常用的方案了,今天我來為各位介紹配置Mysql數據庫的主從同步(雙主)教程,希望下文能幫助到各位哦.
配置Mysql數據庫的主從同步(一主一從).
一、主庫開啟BINLOG、server-id
- [root@Master-Mysql ~]# grep -E "server-id|log-bin" /etc/my.cnf
- log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
- server-id = 1
- mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
- +---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | log_bin | ON |
- | log_bin_basename | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin |
- | log_bin_index | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.index |
- | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
- | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
- | sql_log_bin | ON |
- +---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- 6 rows in set (0.01 sec) --Vevb.com
- mysql> show variables like '%server_id%';
- +----------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +----------------+-------+
- | server_id | 1 |
- | server_id_bits | 32 |
- +----------------+-------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
備注:以上兩個信息必須在[mysqld]模塊下!!!
二、給從庫授權
- mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to byrd@'192.168.199.%' identified by 'admin';
- mysql> flush privileges;
- mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
- +------+---------------+
- | user | host |
- +------+---------------+
- | root | 127.0.0.1 |
- | byrd | 192.168.199.% |
- | root | ::1 |
- | root | lamp |
- | root | localhost |
- +------+---------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
鎖表前建立點數據:
- mysql> create database hitest;
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | hitest |
- +--------------------+
- 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> use hitest;
- mysql> create table test(
- -> id int(4) not null primary key auto_increment,
- -> name char(20) not null
- -> );
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.80 sec)
- mysql> show tables ;
- +------------------+
- | Tables_in_hitest |
- +------------------+
- | test |
- +------------------+
- mysql> insert into test(id,name) values(1,'zy');
- mysql> select * from test;
- +----+------+
- | id | name |
- +----+------+
- | 1 | zy |
- +----+------+
三、鎖表、備份、解鎖
- mysql> flush table with read lock; #鎖表
- mysql> show variables like '%timeout%'; #鎖表時間
- +-----------------------------+----------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +-----------------------------+----------+
- | interactive_timeout | 28800 |
- | wait_timeout | 28800 |
- +-----------------------------+----------+
- 12 rows in set (0.06 sec)
- mysql> show master status; #binlog日志位置
- +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
- +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | mysql-bin.000004 | 1305 | | | |
- +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.03 sec)
- [root@Master-Mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p'' -B -A |gzip >/tmp/all.sql.gz #新窗口備份
- Enter password:
- mysql> unlock table; #解鎖
- ###############解鎖后主庫操作如下:###############
- mysql> use hitest
- mysql> insert into test(id,name) values(2,'binghe');
- mysql> select * from test;
- +----+--------+
- | id | name |
- +----+--------+
- | 1 | zy |
- | 2 | binghe |
- +----+--------+
- mysql> create database hxy;
- ###############解鎖后主庫操作完成~###############
備注:備份數據需要重新打開新窗口,不然鎖表就自動失效.
四、主庫導入到從庫
- ################主庫操作################
- [root@Master-Mysql tmp]# ll
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 162236 Jul 8 21:30 all.sql.gz
- [root@Master-Mysql tmp]# gzip -d all.sql.gz
- [root@Master-Mysql tmp]# ll
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 590351 Jul 8 21:30 all.sql
- ################主庫完成################
- ##備注:將主庫導出的all.sql通過scp、ssh、sftp等方式拷貝到從庫服務器,此處略##
- [root@Slave-Mysql ~]# grep log-bin /etc/my.cnf
- #log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
- [root@Slave-Mysql ~]# grep server-id /etc/my.cnf
- server-id = 2
- [root@Slave-Mysql ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
- [root@Slave-Mysql tmp]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' </tmp/all.sql
- Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- [root@Slave-Mysql tmp]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin'
- mysql> use hitest;
- mysql> select * from test;
- +----+------+
- | id | name |
- +----+------+
- | 1 | zy |
- +----+------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
六、從庫配置信息
- mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
- -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.199.177',
- -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
- -> MASTER_USER='byrd',
- -> MASTER_PASSWORD='admin',
- -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
- -> MASTER_LOG_POS=1305;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (1.96 sec)
- [root@Slave-Mysql ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
- ##備注:master.info記錄MASTER的相關信息!
七、啟動從庫同步
- mysql> start slave;
- mysql> show slave status\G
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
八、結果測試
- mysql> use hitest;
- mysql> select * from test;
- +----+--------+
- | id | name |
- +----+--------+
- | 1 | zy |
- | 2 | binghe |
- +----+--------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- [root@Master-Mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'' -e "create database zhihu;" #主庫建立了一個zhihu的數據庫
- Enter password:
- [root@Slave-Mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'' -e "show databases like 'zhihu'";
- Enter password:
- +------------------+
- | Database (zhihu) |
- +------------------+
- | zhihu |
- +------------------+
配置Mysql數據庫的主從同步(雙主)
已經配置好的:
主庫:192.168.199.177
從庫:192.168.199.178
- [root@Master-Mysql ~]# egrep "server-id|log-slave|log-bin|auto_increment|slave-skip-errors" /etc/my.cnf
- log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin #必須
- server-id = 1 #必須
- log-slave-updates #必須
- auto_increment_increment = 2 #必須
- auto_increment_offset = 1 #必須
- slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007 #非必須,建議
- ########################主庫、從庫分隔符########################
- [root@Slave-Mysql data]# egrep "server-id|log-slave|log-bin|auto_increment|slave-skip-errors|read-only" /etc/my.cnf
- #log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
- server-id = 2
- log-slave-updates
- log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
- #read-only #雙主,此選項要注釋掉
- slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007
- auto_increment_increment = 2 #ID自增間隔
- auto_increment_offset = 2 #ID初始位置
- 192.168.199.178:
- mysql> stop slave;
- mysql> flush table with read lock;
- mysql> show master status;
- +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
- +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | mysql-bin.000004 | 120 | | | |
- +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- mysql> system /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p'' -A -B >/tmp/192.168.199.178.sql #如果主、從一致非必須
- mysql> unlock tables; #同上
- mysql> system ls -l /tmp/
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2887406 Jul 12 22:24 192.168.199.178.sql
- mysql> start slave;
- 192.168.199.177:
- [root@Master-Mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'' < /tmp/192.168.199.178.sql #如果主、從一致非必須
- mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('admin') where user='root';
- [root@Master-Mysql ~]# cat |/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' <<EOF #必須
- > CHANGE MASTER TO
- > MASTER_HOST='192.168.199.178',
- > MASTER_PORT=3306,
- > MASTER_USER='byrd',
- > MASTER_PASSWORD='admin',
- > MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
- > MASTER_LOG_POS=120;
- > EOF
- mysql> start slave;
- mysql> show slave status\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: 192.168.199.178
- Master_User: byrd
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 938
- Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
- Relay_Log_Pos: 1101
- Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- Last_Errno: 0
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 938
- Relay_Log_Space: 1275
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Master_Server_Id: 2
- Master_UUID: 34d672c3-d292-11e3-9ff5-00155dc7834c
- Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
- SQL_Delay: 0 --Vevb.com
- SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
- Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
- Master_Retry_Count: 86400
測試:192.168.199.177:
- mysql> use hitest;
- mysql> CREATE TABLE `ces` (
- -> `REL_ID` bigint(12) NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'id',
- -> `TITLE` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'biaoti',
- -> PRIMARY KEY (`REL_ID`)
- -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
- mysql> insert into ces(TITLE) values('test');
- mysql> insert into ces(TITLE) values('test');
- mysql> insert into ces(TITLE) values('test');
- mysql> insert into ces(TITLE) values('test25');
- mysql> select * from ces;
- +--------+-------+
- | REL_ID | TITLE |
- +--------+-------+
- | 1 | test |
- | 3 | test |
- | 5 | test |
- | 25 | test25|
- +--------+--------+
- 3 rows in set (0.03 sec)
- 192.168.199.178:
- mysql> use hitest;
- mysql> insert into ces(TITLE) values('test26');
- mysql> insert into ces(TITLE) values('test28');
- mysql> insert into ces(TITLE) values('test30');
- mysql> select * from ces;
- +--------+--------+
- | REL_ID | TITLE |
- +--------+--------+
- | 1 | test |
- | 3 | test |
- | 5 | test |
- | 26 | test26 |
- | 28 | test28 |
- | 30 | test30 |
- +--------+--------+
- 17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
說明:如果一主、一叢已經做好,只要知道從庫位置點(show master status;)、然后之前主庫執行(CHANGE MASTER)、之前主庫開啟slave(start slave)即可,其中數據庫備份等步驟可以省略,如果主從有一些數據庫不一致則同上操作.
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