昨天由于機房掉電自己的mysql數據庫中大量表都出現了無法訪問或正使用的情況,后來查了可以使用mysql myisamchk命令進行修復,下面我來介紹一下.
Posted on December 31, 2009 by axl MyISAM是MySQL的預設storage engine. MyISAM table很容易爛掉(corrupted)。
此文章將教你如何檢查/修復這些爛掉的MyISAM tables.
每次你在MySQL DB 制造一個 table,將會在檔案系統上同時制造出*.frm、*.MYD,跟*.MYI等三種格式的檔案.
*.frm = 用來儲存資料表格式(file to store table format)
*.MYD(MyData) = 用來儲存資料(file to store data)
*.MYI(MyIndex) =用來儲存索引(file to store index)
如何檢查DB?哪個table 需要修復,用root 執行以下指令,假設要檢查DB1下的各個table,代碼如下:
#myisamchk /var/lib/mysql/DB1/*.MYI >> /tmp/myisamchk.log
螢幕輸出中,如果發現以下字樣,該資料表就應修復.
- myisamchk: error: Keypointers and record positions doesn’t match
- MyISAM-table ‘/var/lib/mysql/DB1/news_post_comment.MYI’ is corrupted
- Fix it using switch “-r” or “-o”
- myisamchk: warning: 1 client is using or hasn’t closed the table properly
- MyISAM-table ‘/var/lib/mysql/DB1/news_post.MYI’ is usable but should be fixed
- myisamchk: warning: 1 client is using or hasn’t closed the table properly
- MyISAM-table ‘/var/lib/mysql/DB1/news_post_push_log.MYI’ is usable but should be fixed
Redirect出來的檔案中會顯示更多資訊,代碼如下:
- Checking MyISAM file: /var/lib/mysql/DB1/yam_bbauth.MYI
- Data records: 14 Deleted blocks: 0
- - check file-size
- - check record delete-chain
- - check key delete-chain
- - check index reference
- - check data record references index: 1
- - check record links
如何利用myisamchk修復爛掉的tables,找出爛掉的table之后,用以下指令修復,代碼如下:
- #myisamchk –r /var/lib/mysql/DB1/news_post_comment.MYI
- - recovering (with sort) MyISAM-table ‘/var/lib/mysql/DB1/news_post_comment.MYI
- Data records: 1
- - Fixing index 1
如果table正被某個application使用,你可能會看到,clients are using or haven’t closed the table properly.
所以建議修復前將mysqld關掉或用FLUSH TABLES鎖住TABLES,防止修復時有application對DB TABLE做更動.
如何讓檢查跟修復同時進行,代碼如下:
- #myisamchk --silent --force --fast --update-state /var/lib/mysql/DB1/*.MYI
- myisamchk: MyISAM file /var/lib/mysql/DB1/groups.MYI
- myisamchk: warning: 1 client is using or hasn’t closed the table properly
- myisamchk: MyISAM file /var/lib/mysql/DB1/profiles.MYI
- myisamchk: warning: 1 client is using or hasn’t closed the table properly
- --options 的意義如下:
- • s, –silent option: Prints only errors. You can use two -s to make myisamchk very silent.
- • -f, –force option: Restart myisamchk automatically with repair option -r, if there are any errors in the table.
- • -F, –fast option: Check only tables that haven’t been closed properly.
- • -U –update-state option: Marks tables as crashed, when it finds any error.
修復時手動分配記憶體給龐大的DB,龐大的table,修復需要很長的時間,修復時可以手動增加記憶體參數,代碼如下:
- # myisamchk --silent --force --fast --update-state --key_buffer_size=512M --sort_buffer_size=512M
- -read_buffer_size=4M --write_buffer_size=4M /var/lib/mysql/DB1/*.MYI
用myisamchk 獲取table資訊,代碼如下:
- #myisamchk -dvv profiles.MYI
- MyISAM file: profiles.MYI
- Record format: Packed
- Character set: latin1_swedish_ci (8)
- File-version: 1
- Creation time: 2007-08-16 18:46:59
- Status: open,changed,analyzed,optimized keys,sorted index pages
- Auto increment key: 1 Last value: 88
- Data records: 88 Deleted blocks: 0
- Datafile parts: 118 Deleted data: 0
- Datafile pointer (bytes): 4 Keyfile pointer (bytes): 4
- Datafile length: 6292 Keyfile length: 6144
- Max datafile length: 4294967294 Max keyfile length: 4398046510079
- Recordlength: 2124
- table description:
- Key Start Len Index Type Rec/key Root Blocksize
- 1 2 3 unique int24 1 1024 1024
- 2 5 765 unique char packed stripped 1 2048 4096
- Field Start Length Nullpos Nullbit Type
- 1 1 1
- 2 2 3 no zeros
- 3 5 765 no endspace
最后一招:#myisamchk --help,MySQL 使用 myisamchk 修復 *.MYI 時,出現下述訊息:
- myisamchk: Disk is full writing '/tmp/ST3lJjsW' (Errcode: 28). Waiting for someone to free space... (Expect up to 60 secs delay for server to c ontinue after freeing disk space)
- myisamchk: Retry in 60 secs. Message reprinted in 600 secs
解法1:
■由訊息可以知道, myisamchk 需要使用到 /tmp,/tmp 容量不夠就會出現此訊息,所以如果 /tmp 可以清出空間,清出 /tmp 的空間就可以解決了,但是如果 /tmp 本身切的就不夠大,可以使用下述解法.
解法2:此解法取自: free disk space error using myisamchk
■myisamchk -rq --sort_buffer_size=256M --key_buffer_size=256M --read_buffer_size=32M --write_buffer_size=32M --sort-index --analyze --tmpdir=/more-disk-space-directory/ /var/lib/mysql/database/T1.MYI
■?: 修改 --tmpdir=/more-disk-space-directory/ 指定到空間比較大的地方去即可.
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