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MySQL的GTID復制如何應用

2024-07-24 12:33:09
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  從MySQL 5.6.5開始新增了一種基于GTID的復制方式。通過GTID保證了每個在主庫上提交的事務在集群中有一個唯一的ID。這種方式強化了數據庫的主備一致性,故障恢復以及容錯能力。
 
  GTID是什么
  GTID (Global Transaction ID) 是對于一個已提交事務的編號,并且是一個全局唯一的編號。 GTID實際上是由UUID+TID 組成的。其中UUID是一個 MySQL實例的唯一標識。TID代表了該實例上已經提交的事務數量,并且隨著事務提交單調遞增。
 
  GTID的工作原理
  當一個事務在主庫端執行并提交時,產生GTID,一同記錄到binlog日志中。
  binlog傳輸到slave,并存儲到slave的relaylog后,讀取這個GTID的這個值設置gtid_next變量,即告訴Slave,下一個要執行的GTID值。
  sql線程從relay log中獲取GTID,然后對比slave端的binlog是否有該GTID。
  如果有記錄,說明該GTID的事務已經執行,slave會忽略。
  如果沒有記錄,slave就會執行該GTID事務,并記錄該GTID到自身的binlog,在讀取執行事務前會先檢查其他session持有該GTID,確保不被重復執行。
  一主一從GTID復制的搭建
  主機規劃:
 
  master:docker,端口3312
  slave:docker,端口3313
  master的配置
  配置文件my.cnf內容如下:
 
  $ cat /home/mysql/docker-data/3313/conf/my.cnf
  # For advice on how to change settings please see
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
 
  [mysqld]
  #
  # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
  # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
  # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
  #
  # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
  # changes to the binary log between backups.
  # log_bin
  #
  # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
  # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
  # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
  # join_buffer_size = 128M
  # sort_buffer_size = 2M
  # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
  #datadir=/home/mysql/docker-data/3307/data
  #socket=/home/mysql/docker-data/3307/mysql.sock
 
  character_set_server=utf8
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
 
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0
 
  #log-error=/home/mysql/docker-data/3307/logs/mysqld.log
  #pid-file=/home/mysql/docker-data/3307/mysqld.pid
  lower_case_table_names=1
  server-id=1403311
  log-bin=mysql-bin
  binlog-format=ROW
  auto_increment_increment=1
  auto_increment_offset=1
  # 開啟gtid
  gtid_mode=ON
  enforce-gtid-consistency=true
 
  #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
  #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=10000
  創建docker實例:
 
  $ docker run --name mysql3312 -p 3312:3306 --privileged=true -ti -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -e MYSQL_DATABASE=order -e MYSQL_USER=user -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=pass -v /home/mysql/docker-data/3312/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/docker-data/3312/data/:/var/lib/mysql -v /home/mysql/docker-data/3312/logs/:/var/log/mysql -d mysql:5.7
  添加用于復制的用戶并授權:
 
  mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,FILE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
 
  mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  slave的配置
  配置文件my.cnf內容與master一致,注意修改server-id,保持唯一。
 
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                    Master_Host: 172.23.252.98
                    Master_User: repluser
                    Master_Port: 3312
                  Connect_Retry: 60
                Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 419
                 Relay_Log_File: 5dfbef024732-relay-bin.000003
                  Relay_Log_Pos: 632
          Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
               Slave_IO_Running: Yes
              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                Replicate_Do_DB:
            Replicate_Ignore_DB:
             Replicate_Do_Table:
         Replicate_Ignore_Table:
        Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
    Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                     Last_Errno: 0
                     Last_Error:
                   Skip_Counter: 0
            Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 419
                Relay_Log_Space: 846
                Until_Condition: None
                 Until_Log_File:
                  Until_Log_Pos: 0
             Master_SSL_Allowed: No
             Master_SSL_CA_File:
             Master_SSL_CA_Path:
                Master_SSL_Cert:
              Master_SSL_Cipher:
                 Master_SSL_Key:
          Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
  Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                  Last_IO_Errno: 0
                  Last_IO_Error:
                 Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                 Last_SQL_Error:
    Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
               Master_Server_Id: 1403311
                    Master_UUID: cd2eaa0a-7a59-11ec-b3b4-0242ac110002
               Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                      SQL_Delay: 0
            SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
        Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
             Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                    Master_Bind:
        Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
       Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
                 Master_SSL_Crl:
             Master_SSL_Crlpath:
             Retrieved_Gtid_Set: cd2eaa0a-7a59-11ec-b3b4-0242ac110002:1
              Executed_Gtid_Set: cd2eaa0a-7a59-11ec-b3b4-0242ac110002:1
                  Auto_Position: 1
           Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                   Channel_Name:
             Master_TLS_Version:
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  在master.order表插入數據:
 
  mysql> insert into t_order values(4,"V");
  發現數據已經同步至slave:
 
  mysql> select * from order.t_order;
  +------+------+
  | id   | name |
  +------+------+
  |    4 | V    |
  +------+------+
  3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  先停止slave,再在master.order表插入數據:
  +------+------+
  |    4 | V    |
  |    5 | X    |
  +------+------+
  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  遇到的問題
  在slave服務器show slave status:
 
  Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
  首先檢查master和slave的server_id是否一致,如果一致去修改my.cnf文件中的server_id字段:
 
  mysql> show variables like 'server_id';
  然后排查master和slave的uuid是否一致:
 
  mysql> show variables like '%uuid%';
  如果uuid一致去修改data目錄下的auto.cnf文件,拷貝整個data目錄,把auto.cnf文件也拷貝過來了,里面記錄了數據庫的uuid,每個庫的uuid應該是不一樣的。

(編輯:武林網)

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