Linux SendMail發送郵件失敗診斷案例

2024-06-28 13:22:52

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linux SendMail發送郵件失敗診斷案例 2014-12-18 14:35 by 瀟湘隱者, ... 閱讀, ... 評論, 收藏, 編輯

Linux上Sendmail經常由于一些配置問題，導致郵件發送失敗，下面整理、收集了一些郵件發送失敗、異常的案例。

案例1：在新服務器上測試sendmail發送郵件時，發現郵件發送不成功，檢查/var/log/maillog日志文件發現如下錯誤（Notice：hostname、郵箱地址等信息使用xxx代替）

tail /var/log/maillog

May 15 09:43:38 xxxxx sendmail[9182]: s4F1hcQe009182: from=root, size=58269, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201405150143.s4F1hcQe009182@xxxx>, relay=root@localhostMay 15 09:43:38 xxxxx sendmail[9182]: s4F1hcQe009182: to=konglb@xxxx, delay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, PRi=88269, dsn=4.4.3, stat=queuedMay 15 09:43:58 xxxxx sendmail[9186]: NOQUEUE: SYSERR(Oracle): can not chdir(/var/spool/mqueue/): Permission denied

出現這個問題，是因為oracle賬號沒有權限訪問/var/spool/mqueue，需要授予相關權限，如下所示：

chmod 755 /var/spool/mqueue

案例2：查看var/log/maillog日志文件發現如下錯誤

May 15 10:21:41 xxxxx sendmail[9850]: s4F2LfrT009850: to=<konglb@xxxx>, delay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=37549, dsn=4.4.3, stat=queued

出現這個問題是因為dns server不正確設置導致，需要修改/etc/resolv.conf 下的nameserver值。

案例3：檢查/var/log/maillog發現如下信息，郵件狀態為Sent（stat=Sent），但是依然沒有收到郵件。

[root@DB-Server mail]# tail /var/log/maillog

Dec 18 11:15:01 nbolnx01 sendmail[25312]: sBI3F18J025312: from=<oracle@xxxx.xxxx>, size=607, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201412180315.sBI3F12b025302@nbolnx01.xxxx.xxxx>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA, relay=localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]Dec 18 11:15:01 nbolnx01 sendmail[25302]: sBI3F12b025302: to=oracle, ctladdr=oracle (502/502), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30290, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (sBI3F18J025312 Message accepted for delivery)Dec 18 11:15:01 nbolnx01 sendmail[25327]: sBI3F1mw025327: from=<oracle@xxxx.xxxx>, size=599, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201412180315.sBI3F1Ba025321@xxxx.xxxx>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA, relay=localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]Dec 18 11:15:01 nbolnx01 sendmail[25321]: sBI3F1Ba025321: to=oracle, ctladdr=oracle (502/502), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30282, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (sBI3F1mw025327 Message accepted for delivery)

檢查mailq，如下所示，發現大量郵件處于等待發送的隊列

[root@DB-Server mail]# mailq...................................................................................................................................................................................................sBD2j1tq000440 214 Sat Dec 13 10:45 <oracle@xxxx.xxxx> (host map: lookup (xxxx.com): deferred) konglb@xxxx.comsBD301x9000637 214 Sat Dec 13 11:00 <oracle@xxxx.xxxx> (host map: lookup (xxxx.com): deferred) konglb@xxxx.xxxx Total requests: 120[root@nbolnx01 mail]#

出現了"host map: lookup (domain): deferred"錯誤，意味著郵件的發送被延遲了。需要通過修改配置文件/etc/mail/sendmail.cf。找到 #O ResolverOptions=+AAONLY 這一行信息后將注釋取消掉，然后重啟sendmail服務即可解決問題。

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