一、簡介

yum主要功能是更方便的添加/刪除/更新RPM包,自動解決包的依賴性問題,便于管理大量系統的更新問題.

參考：http://www.linuxdiyf.com/bbs/thread-423690-1-1.html

二、修改yum源

步驟如下：

執行如下命令，查看yum包

rpm -qa|grep yum

執行如下命令，卸載原有源

rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps

下載新的yum包

wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/yum-3.2.29-22.el6.centos.noarch.rpmwget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686.rpm wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-10.el6.noarch.rpm

執行如下命令，安裝新的yum包

rpm -ivh yum-*

下載yum的配置源

wget http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/CentOS-Base.repo

修改配置源，內容如下：

[base]name=CentOS-6 - Basebaseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#released updates[update]name=CentOS-6 - Updatesbaseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/updates/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#packages used/PRoduced in the build but not released[cr]name=CentOS-6 - crbaseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/cr/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that may be useful[extras]name=CentOS-6 - Extrasbaseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/extras/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages[centosplus]name=CentOS-6 - Plusbaseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#contrib - packages by Centos Users[contrib]name=CentOS-6 - Contribbaseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/contrib/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6[fasttrack]name=CentOS-6 - fasttrackbaseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/fasttrack/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

在該目錄下執行yum update進行統一更新

三、使用第三方軟件庫

CentOS/RHEL默認的yum軟件倉庫非常有限,僅僅限于發行版本那幾張盤里面的常規包和一些軟件包的更新,利用RpmForge,可以增加非常多的第三方rpm軟件包. RpmForge庫現在已經擁有超過10000種CentOS的軟件包,被CentOS社區認為是最安全也是最穩定的一個第三方軟件庫.

步驟如下：

1、安裝yum-priorities插件 這個插件是用來設置yum在調用軟件源時的順序的. 因為官方提供的軟件源,都是比較穩定和被推薦使用的. 因此,官方源的順序要高于第三方源的順序. 如何保證這個順序,就需要安裝yum-priorities這插件了.

# yum -y install yum-priorities

2、安裝完yum-priorities插件后，需要設置/etc/yum.repos.d/ 目錄下的.repo相關文件(如CentOS-Base.repo),在這些文件中插入順序指令:priority=N (N為1到99的正整數,數值越小越優先)一般配置[base],[addons],[updates],[extras]的priority=1,[CentOSplus],[contrib]的priority=2,其他第三的軟件源為:priority=N (推薦N>10)，以CentOS-Base.repo 為例:

##############################################################[base]name=CentOS-$releasever - Base#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=osbaseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6priority=1##############################################################

3、adobe軟件倉

1、添加adobe軟件倉并導入密鑰

# rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/i386/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm         #32位# rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/x86_64/adobe-release-x86_64-1.0-1.noarch.rpm     #64位# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux        #導入密鑰

2、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/中的adobe-linux-x86_64.repo中的priority=10

現在可以安裝adobe的Flashplayer插件了

# yum install flash-plugin

4、atomic軟件倉

1、安裝atomic源

# wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic  #下載# sh ./atomic   #安裝

2、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/中的atomic.repo中的priority=11

##############################################################[atomic]name=CentOS / Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - atomicrocketturtle.commirrorlist=http://www.atomicorp.com/mirrorlist/atomic/centos-6-$basearch#mirrorlist=http://www.atomicorp.com/channels/atomic/centos/6/mirrors-atomicenabled=1protect=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY.art.txtpriority=11##############################################################

5、epel軟件倉

1、安裝epel yum源

CentOS 532位系統:# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

64位系統:# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

導入key: # rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-5CentOS 632位系統:# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

64位系統:# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

導入key: # rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

2、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/中的epel.repo中的priority=12

提示：如果用比較新的軟件,用epel-test.repo這個文件就行了

###############################################################[epel]name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearchmirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priorityenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6priority=12#################################################################

6、rpmforge軟件倉

1、安裝rpmforge軟件源

# wget http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm     #32位# wget http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm #64位# rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt #2安裝DAG的PGP Key# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/*  #導入本地的key# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm    #驗證rpmforge的rpm文件包# rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i386.rpm #安裝rpmforge的rpm文件包

2、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件中源的級別，priority=13

########################################################### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for RHEL 6 - dag### URL: http://rpmforge.net/[rpmforge]name=RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dagbaseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/$basearch/rpmforgemirrorlist=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/mirrors-rpmforge#mirrorlist=file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforgeenabled=1protect=0gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-daggpgcheck=1priority=13########################################################

7、rpmfusion軟件倉

rpmfusion主要為桌面發行版提供大量rpm包,而EPEL則為服務器版本提供大量的rpm包,而且大多數rpm包在官方repository中是找不到的

1、安裝rpmfusion yum源

32位# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

64位# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

2、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion-free-updates.repo文件中源的級別，priority=14

#################################################################[rpmfusion-free-updates-testing]name=RPM Fusion for EL 6 - Free - Test Updates#baseurl=http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/testing/6/$basearch/mirrorlist=http://mirrors.rpmfusion.org/mirrorlist?repo=free-el-updates-testing-6&arch=$basearchenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-free-el-6priority=14#################################################################

8、Percona軟件倉

1、安裝Percona yum源

rpm –ivh http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/percona-release-0.0-1.x86_64.rpmrpm --import http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/RPM-GPG-KEY-percona

2、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/Percona .repo文件中源的級別，priority=15

[percona]name = CentOS $releasever - Perconabaseurl=http://repo.percona.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/                                                                   enabled = 1gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-perconagpgcheck = 1priority=15

9、安裝完畢后執行如下命令，就可以使用新的yum源管理軟件了。

# yum clean all# yum makecache

9、163軟件倉

1、安裝163 yum源

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.reporpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

2、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件中源的級別，priority=16

[base]name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.combaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=osgpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7priority=16

四、創建本地軟件庫

參考：http://www.CUOXin.com/xiaoluo501395377/archive/2013/05/21/3089970.html