#include <pthread.h>（1）int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,pthread_attr_t *attr,void *(*start_routine)(void *),void *arg);pthread_t pthread_self(void);（2）int pthread_equal(pthread_t thread1,pthread_t thread2);（3）int pthread_once(pthread_once_t *once_control,void(*init_routine)(void));

1.線程創建： int pthread_create(pthread_t thread,pthread_attr_t *attr,void (start_routine)(void ),void *arg); pthread_t pthread_self(void); 參數說明： thread：指向pthread_create類型的指針，用于引用新創建的線程。 attr：用于設置線程的屬性，一般不需要特殊的屬性，所以可以簡單地設置為NULL。 （start_routine)(void )：傳遞新線程所要執行的函數地址。 arg：新線程所要執行的函數的參數。 調用如果成功，則返回值是0，如果失敗則返回錯誤代碼。 2.線程終止 void pthread_exit(void *retval); 參數說明： retval：返回指針，指向線程向要返回的某個對象。 線程通過調用pthread_exit函數終止執行，并返回一個指向某對象的指針。注意：絕不能用它返回一個指向局部變量的指針，因為線程調用該函數后，這個局部變量就不存在了，這將引起嚴重的程序漏洞。 3.線程同步 int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return); 參數說明： th：將要等待的線程，線程通過pthread_create返回的標識符來指定。 thread_return：一個指針，指向另一個指針，而后者指向線程的返回值。 

#include <pthread.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>void *thread_function(void *arg);char message[] = "Hello World";int main(){  int res;  pthread_t a_thread;  void *thread_result;  res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, (void *)message);  if (res != 0)  {    perror("Thread creation failed!");    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  }  printf("Waiting for thread to finish.../n");  res = pthread_join(a_thread, &thread_result);  if (res != 0)  {    perror("Thread join failed!/n");    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  }  printf("Thread joined, it returned %s/n", (char *)thread_result);  printf("Message is now %s/n", message);  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}void *thread_function(void *arg){  printf("thread_function is running. Argument was %s/n", (char *)arg);  sleep(3);  strcpy(message, "Bye!");  pthread_exit("Thank you for your CPU time!");}

$./thread1[輸出]：thread_function is running. Argument was Hello WorldWaiting for thread to finish...Thread joined, it returned Thank you for your CPU time!Message is now Bye!