Oracle查詢sql錯誤信息的控制和定位

2020-07-26 13:59:10

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在sqlplus中執行的sql出錯之后應該如何處理和對應，多行sql語句或者存儲過程的信息如何進行錯誤定位，這篇文章將結合實例進行簡單地說明。

環境準備

使用Oracle的精簡版創建docker方式的demo環境，詳細可參看：

http://m.survivalescaperooms.com/article/153533.htm

如何進行錯誤定位

場景：

假如有3行insert的sql語句，中間一行出錯之后，后續繼續執行的情況下，如何定位到第二行？

dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace

通過使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace可以得到ERROR at line xxx:的信息，這對我們較為有用，我們接下來進行確認

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE <<EOF> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON> desc student> delete from student;> select * from student;> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');> select * from student;> commit;> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);> EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:06:07 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 2 rows deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedSQL> 1 row created.SQL>    STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1003 michaelSQL> Commit complete.SQL> PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，報錯的時候提示了行號，但是行號是1，這是因為這種寫法以一行為單位，自然是如此，如果是單個多行的存儲過程，將會更加清晰。

ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

所以我們將這個例子進行改造，三行insert的sql放到文件之中，然后在使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace來進行確認

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/sqltest1.sql desc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

然后在嘗試一下是否能夠確認行號，會發現仍然不能精確定位：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE <<EOF> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON> @/tmp/sqltest1.sql> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);> EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:08:27 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)2 rows deleted.no rows selected1 row created.insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated1 row created.   STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1003 michaelCommit complete.SQL> PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

因為dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace更多的場景是在于存儲過程的錯誤定位，接下來我們使用一個簡單的存儲過程例子來進行確認錯誤行號定位, 先看一個正常的存儲過程，把上面的內容稍微修改一下：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql create or replace PROCEDURE addstudentsISstudent_count number;BEGINdelete from student;select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);END;/exec addstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

結果執行信息如下

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 <<EOFset serveroutput on;@/tmp/addstudent.sql EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:42:11 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Procedure created.sql set count before :0sql set count after :3PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

接下來我們修改一下內容，使得第二行主鍵重復

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sqlcreate or replace PROCEDURE addstudentsISstudent_count number;BEGINdelete from student;select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);END;/exec addstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

再次執行，自然會出錯，但是可以看到，正確報出了所在行數，這是procedure的機制提示的信息

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 <<EOFset serveroutput on;@/tmp/addstudent.sql EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:44:25 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Procedure created.sql set count before :0BEGIN addstudents(); END;*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10ORA-06512: at line 1SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，ORA-06512: at “SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS”, line 10的信息就是我們期待的信息，提示出在這個存儲過程的第10行執行出現問題，而實際可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace結合exception給出更為清晰地方式，比如：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql create or replace PROCEDURE addstudentsISstudent_count number;BEGINdelete from student;select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);exceptionwhen others thendbms_output.put('exception happend with line info : ');dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);END;/exec addstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

執行結果確認：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 <<EOFset serveroutput on;@/tmp/addstudent.sql EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:49:27 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Procedure created.sql set count before :0exception happend with line info : ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

這樣則可以看出能夠比較清晰地進行錯誤的定位了，但是由于功能受限，所以實際使用場景仍然較為有限，但是定位存儲過程的信息則可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace等進行確認。

小結

多行sql執行定位可以考慮拆成單行來確認，而存儲過程則可結合format_error_backtrace等進行確認以提供問題出現的所在行號。

總結

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