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基于Android如何實(shí)現(xiàn)將數(shù)據(jù)庫保存到SD卡

2020-04-11 11:09:26
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有時(shí)候?yàn)榱诵枰?,會將?shù)據(jù)庫保存到外部存儲或者SD卡中(對于這種情況可以通過加密數(shù)據(jù)來避免數(shù)據(jù)被破解),比如一個(gè)應(yīng)用支持多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù),每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)都需要有一個(gè)對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫,并且數(shù)據(jù)庫中的信息量特別大時(shí),這顯然更應(yīng)該將數(shù)據(jù)庫保存在外部存儲或者SD卡中,因?yàn)镽AM的大小是有限的;其次在寫某些測試程序時(shí)將數(shù)據(jù)庫保存在SD卡更方便查看數(shù)據(jù)庫中的內(nèi)容。

Android通過SQLiteOpenHelper創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí)默認(rèn)是將數(shù)據(jù)庫保存在'/data/data/應(yīng)用程序名/databases'目錄下的,只需要在繼承SQLiteOpenHelper類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中傳入數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱就可以了,但如果將數(shù)據(jù)庫保存到指定的路徑下面,都需要通過重寫繼承SQLiteOpenHelper類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中的context,因?yàn)椋涸陂喿xSQLiteOpenHelper.java的源碼時(shí)會發(fā)現(xiàn):創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫都是通過Context的openOrCreateDatabase方法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,如果我們需要在指定的路徑下創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫,就需要寫一個(gè)類繼承Context,并復(fù)寫其openOrCreateDatabase方法,在openOrCreateDatabase方法中指定數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲的路徑即可,下面為類SQLiteOpenHelper中g(shù)etWritableDatabase和getReadableDatabase方法的源碼,SQLiteOpenHelper就是通過這兩個(gè)方法來創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的。

/**  * Create and/or open a database that will be used for reading and writing.  * The first time this is called, the database will be opened and  * {@link #onCreate}, {@link #onUpgrade} and/or {@link #onOpen} will be  * called.  *  * <p>Once opened successfully, the database is cached, so you can  * call this method every time you need to write to the database.  * (Make sure to call {@link #close} when you no longer need the database.)  * Errors such as bad permissions or a full disk may cause this method  * to fail, but future attempts may succeed if the problem is fixed.</p>  *  * <p class="caution">Database upgrade may take a long time, you  * should not call this method from the application main thread, including  * from {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.  *  * @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened for writing  * @return a read/write database object valid until {@link #close} is called  */ public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {  if (mDatabase != null) {   if (!mDatabase.isOpen()) {    // darn! the user closed the database by calling mDatabase.close()    mDatabase = null;   } else if (!mDatabase.isReadOnly()) {    return mDatabase; // The database is already open for business   }  }  if (mIsInitializing) {   throw new IllegalStateException("getWritableDatabase called recursively");  }  // If we have a read-only database open, someone could be using it  // (though they shouldn't), which would cause a lock to be held on  // the file, and our attempts to open the database read-write would  // fail waiting for the file lock. To prevent that, we acquire the  // lock on the read-only database, which shuts out other users.  boolean success = false;  SQLiteDatabase db = null;  if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.lock();  try {   mIsInitializing = true;   if (mName == null) {    db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null);   } else {    db = mContext.openOrCreateDatabase(mName, 0, mFactory, mErrorHandler);   }   int version = db.getVersion();   if (version != mNewVersion) {    db.beginTransaction();    try {     if (version == 0) {      onCreate(db);     } else {      if (version > mNewVersion) {       onDowngrade(db, version, mNewVersion);      } else {       onUpgrade(db, version, mNewVersion);      }     }     db.setVersion(mNewVersion);     db.setTransactionSuccessful();    } finally {     db.endTransaction();    }   }   onOpen(db);   success = true;   return db;  } finally {   mIsInitializing = false;   if (success) {    if (mDatabase != null) {     try { mDatabase.close(); } catch (Exception e) { }     mDatabase.unlock();    }    mDatabase = db;   } else {    if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.unlock();    if (db != null) db.close();   }  } } /**  * Create and/or open a database. This will be the same object returned by  * {@link #getWritableDatabase} unless some problem, such as a full disk,  * requires the database to be opened read-only. In that case, a read-only  * database object will be returned. If the problem is fixed, a future call  * to {@link #getWritableDatabase} may succeed, in which case the read-only  * database object will be closed and the read/write object will be returned  * in the future.  *  * <p class="caution">Like {@link #getWritableDatabase}, this method may  * take a long time to return, so you should not call it from the  * application main thread, including from  * {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.  *  * @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened  * @return a database object valid until {@link #getWritableDatabase}  * or {@link #close} is called.  */ public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase() {  if (mDatabase != null) {   if (!mDatabase.isOpen()) {    // darn! the user closed the database by calling mDatabase.close()    mDatabase = null;   } else {    return mDatabase; // The database is already open for business   }  }  if (mIsInitializing) {   throw new IllegalStateException("getReadableDatabase called recursively");  }  try {   return getWritableDatabase();  } catch (SQLiteException e) {   if (mName == null) throw e; // Can't open a temp database read-only!   Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't open " + mName + " for writing (will try read-only):", e);  }  SQLiteDatabase db = null;  try {   mIsInitializing = true;   String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();   db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY,     mErrorHandler);   if (db.getVersion() != mNewVersion) {    throw new SQLiteException("Can't upgrade read-only database from version " +      db.getVersion() + " to " + mNewVersion + ": " + path);   }   onOpen(db);   Log.w(TAG, "Opened " + mName + " in read-only mode");   mDatabase = db;   return mDatabase;  } finally {   mIsInitializing = false;   if (db != null && db != mDatabase) db.close();  } }

通過上面的分析可以寫出一個(gè)自定義的Context類,該類繼承Context即可,但由于Context中有除了openOrCreateDatabase方法以外的其它抽象函數(shù),所以建議使用非抽象類ContextWrapper,該類繼承自Context,自定義的DatabaseContext類源碼如下:

public class DatabaseContext extends ContextWrapper { public DatabaseContext(Context context){  super( context ); } /**  * 獲得數(shù)據(jù)庫路徑,如果不存在,則創(chuàng)建對象對象  * @param name  * @param mode  * @param factory  */ @Override public File getDatabasePath(String name) {  //判斷是否存在sd卡  boolean sdExist = android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState());  if(!sdExist){//如果不存在,   return null;  }else{//如果存在   //獲取sd卡路徑   String dbDir= FileUtils.getFlashBPath();   dbDir += "DB";//數(shù)據(jù)庫所在目錄   String dbPath = dbDir+"/"+name;//數(shù)據(jù)庫路徑   //判斷目錄是否存在,不存在則創(chuàng)建該目錄   File dirFile = new File(dbDir);   if(!dirFile.exists()){    dirFile.mkdirs();   }   //數(shù)據(jù)庫文件是否創(chuàng)建成功   boolean isFileCreateSuccess = false;    //判斷文件是否存在,不存在則創(chuàng)建該文件   File dbFile = new File(dbPath);   if(!dbFile.exists()){    try {        isFileCreateSuccess = dbFile.createNewFile();//創(chuàng)建文件    } catch (IOException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    }   }else{    isFileCreateSuccess = true;   }   //返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫文件對象   if(isFileCreateSuccess){    return dbFile;   }else{    return null;   }  } } /**  * 重載這個(gè)方法,是用來打開SD卡上的數(shù)據(jù)庫的,android 2.3及以下會調(diào)用這個(gè)方法。  *   * @param name  * @param mode  * @param factory  */ @Override public SQLiteDatabase openOrCreateDatabase(String name, int mode, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory) {  SQLiteDatabase result = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(getDatabasePath(name), null);  return result; } /**  * Android 4.0會調(diào)用此方法獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫。  *   * @see android.content.ContextWrapper#openOrCreateDatabase(java.lang.String, int,   *   android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory,  *   android.database.DatabaseErrorHandler)  * @param name  * @param mode  * @param factory  * @param errorHandler  */ @Override public SQLiteDatabase openOrCreateDatabase(String name, int mode, CursorFactory factory, DatabaseErrorHandler errorHandler) {  SQLiteDatabase result = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(getDatabasePath(name), null);  return result; }}

在繼承SQLiteOpenHelper的子類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中,用DatabaseContext的實(shí)例替代context即可:

DatabaseContext dbContext = new DatabaseContext(context);super(dbContext, mDatabaseName, null, VERSION);

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