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深入了解Android之消息循環(huán)與Looper

2020-02-21 17:32:28
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日常生活中程序的工作通常是事件驅(qū)動和消息驅(qū)動方式,在Android系統(tǒng)中,應(yīng)用程序通過消息驅(qū)動進(jìn)行工作,想要獲取更多的知識,那就繼續(xù)關(guān)注武林技術(shù)頻道的精彩內(nèi)容吧。

Understanding LooperLooper是用于給一個線程添加一個消息隊列(MessageQueue),并且循環(huán)等待,當(dāng)有消息時會喚起線程來處理消息的一個工具,直到線程結(jié)束為止。通常情況下不會用到Looper,因為對于Activity,Service等系統(tǒng)組件,F(xiàn)rameworks已經(jīng)為我們初始化好了線程(俗稱的UI線程或主線程),在其內(nèi)含有一個Looper,和由Looper創(chuàng)建的消息隊列,所以主線程會一直運(yùn)行,處理用戶事件,直到某些事件(BACK)退出。
如果,我們需要新建一個線程,并且這個線程要能夠循環(huán)處理其他線程發(fā)來的消息事件,或者需要長期與其他線程進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的交互,這時就需要用到Looper來給線程建立消息隊列。
使用Looper也非常的簡單,它的方法比較少,最主要的有四個:
??? public static prepare();
??? public static myLooper();
??? public static loop();
??? public void quit();

使用方法如下:
1. 在每個線程的run()方法中的最開始調(diào)用Looper.prepare(),這是為線程初始化消息隊列。
2. 之后調(diào)用Looper.myLooper()獲取此Looper對象的引用。這不是必須的,但是如果你需要保存Looper對象的話,一定要在prepare()之后,否則調(diào)用在此對象上的方法不一定有效果,如looper.quit()就不會退出。
3. 在run()方法中添加Handler來處理消息
4. 添加Looper.loop()調(diào)用,這是讓線程的消息隊列開始運(yùn)行,可以接收消息了。
5. 在想要退出消息循環(huán)時,調(diào)用Looper.quit()注意,這個方法是要在對象上面調(diào)用,很明顯,用對象的意思就是要退出具體哪個Looper。如果run()中無其他操作,線程也將終止運(yùn)行。
下面來看一個實例
實例
這個例子實現(xiàn)了一個執(zhí)行任務(wù)的服務(wù):

?

?

?

?


public class LooperDemoActivity extends Activity {
??? private WorkerThread mWorkerThread;
??? private TextView mStatusLine;
??? private Handler mMainHandler;

??? @Override
??? public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
?super.onCreate(icicle);
?setContentView(R.layout.looper_demo_activity);
?mMainHandler = new Handler() {
???? @Override
???? public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
??String text = (String) msg.obj;
??if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) {
????? return;
??}
??mStatusLine.setText(text);
???? }
?};

?mWorkerThread = new WorkerThread();
?final Button action = (Button) findViewById(R.id.looper_demo_action);
?action.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
???? public void onClick(View v) {
??mWorkerThread.executeTask("please do me a favor");
???? }
?});
?final Button end = (Button) findViewById(R.id.looper_demo_quit);
?end.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
???? public void onClick(View v) {
??mWorkerThread.exit();
???? }
?});
?mStatusLine = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.looper_demo_displayer);
?mStatusLine.setText("Press 'do me a favor' to execute a task, press 'end of service' to stop looper thread");
??? }

??? @Override
??? public void onDestroy() {
?super.onDestroy();
?mWorkerThread.exit();
?mWorkerThread = null;
??? }

??? private class WorkerThread extends Thread {
?protected static final String TAG = "WorkerThread";
?private Handler mHandler;
?private Looper mLooper;

?public WorkerThread() {
???? start();
?}

?public void run() {
???? // Attention: if you obtain looper before Looper#prepare(), you can still use the looper
???? // to process message even after you call Looper#quit(), which means the looper does not
???? //really quit.
???? Looper.prepare();
???? // So we should call Looper#myLooper() after Looper#prepare(). Anyway, we should put all stuff between Looper#prepare()
???? // and Looper#loop().
???? // In this case, you will receive "Handler{4051e4a0} sending message to a Handler on a dead thread
???? // 05-09 08:37:52.118: W/MessageQueue(436): java.lang.RuntimeException: Handler{4051e4a0} sending message
???? // to a Handler on a dead thread", when try to send a message to a looper which Looper#quit() had called,
???? // because the thread attaching the Looper and Handler dies once Looper#quit() gets called.
???? mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
???? // either new Handler() and new Handler(mLooper) will work
???? mHandler = new Handler(mLooper) {
??@Override
??public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
????? /*
?????? * Attention: object Message is not reusable, you must obtain a new one for each time you want to use it.
?????? * Otherwise you got "android.util.AndroidRuntimeException: { what=1000 when=-15ms obj=it is my please
?????? * to serve you, please be patient to wait!........ } This message is already in use."
?????? */
//????? Message newMsg = Message.obtain();
????? StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
????? sb.append("it is my please to serve you, please be patient to wait!/n");
????? Log.e(TAG, "workerthread, it is my please to serve you, please be patient to wait!");
????? for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
???sb.append(".");
???Message newMsg = Message.obtain();
???newMsg.obj = sb.toString();
???mMainHandler.sendMessage(newMsg);
???Log.e(TAG, "workthread, working" + sb.toString());
???SystemClock.sleep(100);
????? }
????? Log.e(TAG, "workerthread, your work is done.");
????? sb.append("/nyour work is done");
????? Message newMsg = Message.obtain();
????? newMsg.obj = sb.toString();
????? mMainHandler.sendMessage(newMsg);
??}
???? };
???? Looper.loop();
?}

?public void exit() {
???? if (mLooper != null) {
??mLooper.quit();
??mLooper = null;
???? }
?}

?// This method returns immediately, it just push an Message into Thread's MessageQueue.
?// You can also call this method continuously, the task will be executed one by one in the
?// order of which they are pushed into MessageQueue(they are called).
?public void executeTask(String text) {
???? if (mLooper == null || mHandler == null) {
??Message msg = Message.obtain();
??msg.obj = "Sorry man, it is out of service";
??mMainHandler.sendMessage(msg);
??return;
???? }
???? Message msg = Message.obtain();
???? msg.obj = text;
???? mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
?}
??? }
}


這個實例中,主線程中執(zhí)行任務(wù)僅是給服務(wù)線程發(fā)一個消息同時把相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)傳過去,數(shù)據(jù)會打包成消息對象(Message),然后放到服務(wù)線程的消息隊列中,主線程的調(diào)用返回,此過程很快,所以不會阻塞主線程。服務(wù)線程每當(dāng)有消息進(jìn)入消息隊列后就會被喚醒從隊列中取出消息,然后執(zhí)行任務(wù)。服務(wù)線程可以接收任意數(shù)量的任務(wù),也即主線程可以不停的發(fā)送消息給服務(wù)線程,這些消息都會被放進(jìn)消息隊列中,服務(wù)線程會一個接著一個的執(zhí)行它們----直到所有的任務(wù)都完成(消息隊列為空,已無其他消息),服務(wù)線程會再次進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)----直到有新的消息到來。
如果想要終止服務(wù)線程,在mLooper對象上調(diào)用quit(),就會退出消息循環(huán),因為線程無其他操作,所以整個線程也會終止。
需要注意的是當(dāng)一個線程的消息循環(huán)已經(jīng)退出后,不能再給其發(fā)送消息,否則會有異常拋出"RuntimeException: Handler{4051e4a0} sending message to a Handler on a dead thread"。所以,建議在Looper.prepare()后,調(diào)用Looper.myLooper()來獲取對此Looper的引用,一來是用于終止(quit()必須在對象上面調(diào)用); 另外就是用于接收消息時檢查消息循環(huán)是否已經(jīng)退出(如上例)。

今天武林技術(shù)頻道小編就為大家介紹到這里了,感興趣的朋友可以關(guān)注深入了解Android之消息循環(huán)與Looper以外的相關(guān)內(nèi)容!

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