初入Python，一開始就被她簡介的語法所吸引，代碼簡潔優雅，之前在C#里面打開文件寫入文件等操作相比Python復雜多了，而Python打開、修改和保存文件顯得簡單得多。

1、打開文件的例子：

 file=open('D://Python//untitled//Hello.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') data=file.read() print(data) file.close()

2、利用urllib庫請求頁面進行簡單的翻譯，請求百度翻譯，將要翻譯的內容當做參數傳給百度，然后將結果賦值給參數，最后打印出來：

上代碼：

import urllib.requestimport urllib.parseimport jsoncontent=input("=====請輸入您要翻譯的內容：=====/n")url='http://fanyi.baidu.com/v2transapi'data={}data['from']='zh'data['to']='en'data['transtype']='translang'data['simple_means_flag']='3'data['query']=contentdata=urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')response=urllib.request.urlopen(url,data)html=response.read().decode('utf-8')target=json.loads(html)print("翻譯結果為：%s"%(target['trans_result']['data'][0]['dst']))

實現效果如圖：

實現代碼很簡單，下面再分享下urllib庫的一些用法。

urlopen 語法

urllib.request.urlopen(url,data=None,[timeout,]*,cafile=None,capath=None,cadefault=False,context=None)#url:訪問的網址#data:額外的數據，如header，form data

用法

# request:GETimport urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))# request: POST# http測試：http://httpbin.org/import urllib.parseimport urllib.requestdata = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'word':'hello'}),encoding='utf8')response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data)print(response.read())# 超時設置import urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=1)print(response.read())import socketimport urllib.requestimport urllib.errortry:  response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=0.1)except urllib.error.URLError as e:  if isinstance(e.reason,socket.timeout):    print('TIME OUT')

響應

# 響應類型import urllib.openresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('https:///www.python.org')print(type(response))# 狀態碼， 響應頭import urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.python.org')print(response.status)print(response.getheaders())print(response.getheader('Server'))

Request

聲明一個request對象，該對象可以包括header等信息，然后用urlopen打開。

# 簡單例子import urllib.requestrequest = urllib.request.Requests('https://python.org')response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))# 增加headerfrom urllib import request, parseurl = 'http://httpbin.org/post'headers = {  'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36'  'Host':'httpbin.org'}# 構造POST表格dict = {  'name':'Germey'}data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict),encoding='utf8')req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers,method='POST')response = request.urlopen(req)print(response.read()).decode('utf-8')# 或者隨后增加headerfrom urllib import request, parseurl = 'http://httpbin.org/post'dict = {  'name':'Germey'}req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,method='POST')req.add_hader('User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36')response = request.urlopen(req)print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))