VC++ 6.0 C語言實現俄羅斯方塊詳細教程

2020-01-26 13:41:26

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今天把我之前寫的大作業分享一下吧，并教你們如何實現，希望你們看了前面的教程也能自己寫一個。

1.要先下載一個 graphics.h 的頭文件來繪圖。

2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);這是先創建一個窗口的函數，以左上角為(0,0)，向右為x軸，向下為y軸，其中x表示長x個單位，y表示寬y個單位。

3.關閉圖像窗口：closegraph();結束時用來關閉用的。

4.按任意鍵繼續：getch();這個就和getchar();差不多，為了防止以運行完就關了，這樣能停頓一下，他的頭文件是：conio.h 。

5.畫線：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你創建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)為兩個端點畫線。

6.畫矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)為對角畫一個矩形。

7.畫圓：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)為圓點，r為半徑畫圓。

8.顏色：setcolor(x);用來設置顏色的，其中x是你要設置的顏色，可以填這16種：黑 BLACK、藍 BLUE、綠 GREEN、青 CYAN、紅 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、淺灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮藍 LIGHTBLUE、亮綠 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮紅 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黃 YELLOW、白 WHITE；當然，你也可以根據光的三原色來調自己喜歡的顏色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分別代表紅綠藍，對應的x,y,z是你選的該顏色的多少，范圍是[0,255]。

根據上面的這些就能畫出很多圖形了.比如：

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h>  void main()  {  initgraph(640,480);  setcolor(BROWN);  line(200,200,300,130);  line(400,200,300,130);  rectangle(200,200,400,380);  setcolor(RGB(100,150,200));  circle(255,260,20);  circle(345,260,20);  rectangle(280,300,310,360);  getch();  closegraph();  }

還有這個，畫一個圓，圓心是(320,240),半徑r=200，根據角度的公式畫一個圓：

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> # include <math.h> # define PI 3.1415926  void main()  {  initgraph(640, 480);  int x,y,r=200,c;  double a;  for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001)  {   x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5);   y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5);   c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI));   setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2));   line(320,240,x,y);  }  getch();  closegraph();  }

9.停頓：Sleep(x);停頓x/1000秒。

有了Sleep();函數，就能讓線動起來了，原理就是：先畫一條線，然后再畫一條黑色的線覆蓋原來的那條，然后再畫一條線，這樣不斷的畫線能行了。

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h>  void main()  {  int i,y;  initgraph(640,480);  for(y=0;y<480-2;y++)  {   setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256));   line(0,y,639,y);   line(0,y+2,639,y+2);   Sleep(10);   setcolor(BLACK);   line(0,y,639,y);  }  getch();  closegraph();  }

10.隨機數發生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用時要有頭文件time.h。

11.隨機函數:rand();隨機生成一個數，頭文件是：stdlib.h，比如：

# include <stdio.h> # include <time.h> # include <graphics.h>  void main()  {  int t=10;  while(t--)  {   srand(time(NULL));   printf("%d/n",rand());   Sleep(1000);  } }

12.判斷鍵盤是否有輸入：kbhit();如果有的話返回1，否則返回0.

13.方向鍵：方健健的ASCII值我們不知道，普通的getchar();也不能輸入，但是getch();通過運行程序可以發現方向比較特殊，分別是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是說他們是由兩個字符組成的，所以判斷上下左右時就先判斷if(kbhit()),然后判斷if(getch()==224),如果是的話在判斷if(getch()==72),是的話就是上，下左右同理。

# include <stdio.h> # include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h>  void main()  {  int key;  while(1)  {   if(kbhit())   {   key=getch();   if(key==224)    key=getch();   printf("%d",key);   }   else   printf("*");   Sleep(500);  }  }

14.輸出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐標為(x,y)的地方輸出字符串s。

15.數字轉字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);將數字a,轉化為字符串s，頭文件是stdio.h。

16.設置字體：setfont(x,y,"字體");其中x表示你你要輸出的字的大小，y會改變形狀一般都是設為0，"字體"為你想要輸出的字體，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷體");

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> # include <stdio.h>  void main()  {  char s[10];  initgraph(640,480);  setfont(42,0,"隸體");  outtextxy(200,200,"俄羅斯方塊");  sprintf(s,"%d",2015);  outtextxy(250,250,s);  getch();  closegraph();  }

上面這些都學會了的話，差不多就能夠自己完成編寫一個俄羅斯方塊了，下面分享一下我寫的代碼。

# include <stdio.h> # include <time.h> # include <conio.h> # include <graphics.h>  int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0;  int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW};  int block[36][5][5]=  {  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}  };  void Interface();//界面的設計  void nextblock();//生成下一個方塊  void newblock();//將下一個放到主方框中  void move(int x,int y,int A);//移動方塊  int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判斷能否移動  int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判斷能否旋轉  void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//標記方塊固定后的位置  void full();//判斷有沒有能夠消行的  void down(int x);//有消行的將上面的方塊下移一行  int gameover();//判斷游戲是否結束  int main()  {  int i,j;  Interface();  nextblock();  Sleep(500);  memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));  while(1)  {  newblock();  full();  if(gameover())   break;  }  getch();  closegraph();  return 0;  }  void Interface()  {  int i,j;  char str[10];  initgraph(550, 660);  HWND hwnd = GetHWnd();  SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄羅斯方塊   制作:丶阿明");  Sleep(2000);  setfont(40,0,"隸體");  setcolor(RED);  outtextxy(145,200,"NEW");  setfont(40,0,"楷體");  for(i=0;i<=255;i++)   for(j=0;j<=255;j++)   {   setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j));   outtextxy(205,200,"俄羅斯方塊!");   }   Sleep(2000);   setcolor(YELLOW);   setfont(22,0,"隸體");   outtextxy(310,300,"←_←");   setfont(22,0,"楷體");   outtextxy(180,300,"這逼裝的可以");   setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);   Sleep(2500);   outtextxy(175,300,"請按任意鍵開始游戲!");   getch();   cleardevice();   setcolor(WHITE);   rectangle(29,29,334,633);   rectangle(28,28,335,634);   rectangle(370,50,515,195);   setfont(24,0, "楷體");   setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);   outtextxy(405,215,"下一個:");   setcolor(RED);   outtextxy(405,280,"分數:");   sprintf(str,"%d",score);   outtextxy(415,310,str);   outtextxy(405,375,"等級:");   sprintf(str,"%d",rank);   outtextxy(425,405,str);   setfont(22,0, "楷體");   setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);   outtextxy(390,475,"操作說明:");   outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋轉");   outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降");   outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移");   outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移");   outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暫停");  }  void nextblock()  {  int i,j,x=391,y=71;  setfont(23,0,"楷體");  setcolor(BLACK);  for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)   outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");   srand(time(NULL));   a=rand()%9;   setcolor(color[a]);   for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)    if(block[4*a][i][j]==1)    outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  }  void newblock()  {  int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a;  if(A==0||A==1||A==6)   y-=60;  else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8)   y-=40;  else   y-=80;  setfont(23,0,"楷體");  setcolor(color[A]);  for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)   if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30)    outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");   Sleep(100);   nextblock();   move(x,y,A);  }  void move(int x,int y,int A)  {  int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex;  while(1)  {   f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next);   if(f==0)   {   mark(x,y+k,A,next);   break;   }   if(kbhit())   {   key=getch();   if(key==32)    getch();   }   setcolor(BLACK);   for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)    if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30)    outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■");    if(kbhit())    {    key=getch();    if(key==72)    {     nex=(next+1)%4;     if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex))     next=nex;    }    else if(key==80)     Speed=50;    else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next))     x-=20;    else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next))     x+=20;    }    setcolor(color[A]);    for(i=0;i<5;i++)    for(j=0;j<5;j++)     if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30)     outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■");     Sleep(Speed);     k+=20;   }  }  int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next)  {  int i,j,x,y,f=1;  x=(y0-minY)/20;  y=(x0-minX)/20;  if(dir=='x')  {   for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1)))    f=0;  }  else if(dir=='z')  {   for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)    if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1)))    f=0;  }  else if(dir=='y')  {   for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)    if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1)))    f=0;  }  return f;  }  int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  {  int i,j,x,y,f=1;  x=(y0-minY)/20;  y=(x0-minX)/20;  if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next))   f=0;  for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1)))    f=0;   return f;  }  void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  {  int i,j,x,y;  x=(y0-minY)/20;  y=(x0-minX)/20;  for(i=0;i<5;i++)   for(j=0;j<5;j++)   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1)   {    visit[x+i][y+j]=1;    Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A];   }  }  void full()  {  int i,j,k=0;  char str[10];  for(i=29;i>=0;i--)  {   for(j=0;j<15;j++)   if(visit[i][j]==0)    break;   if(j==15)   {    k++;    down(i);    i++;   }  }  setcolor(RED);  score+=10*k;  sprintf(str,"%d",score);  outtextxy(415,310,str);  rank=(score/50);  sprintf(str,"%d",rank);  outtextxy(425,405,str);  speed=500-100*rank;  if(speed==0)   speed=100;  if(score>=300)   speed=75;  }  void down(int x)  {  int i,j;  for(i=x;i>0;i--)   for(j=0;j<15;j++)   if(visit[i-1][j]==1)   {    visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];    Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j];    setcolor(Color[i-1][j]);    outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");   }   else   {    visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];    setcolor(BLACK);    outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");   }   setcolor(BLACK);   for(j=0;j<15;j++)   {    visit[0][j]=0;    outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■");   }  }  int gameover()  {  int i,j;  for(i=0;i<15;i++)   if(visit[0][i]==1)   {   for(i=0;i<=7;i++)   {    setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255));    for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20))    outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■");    for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20))    outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■");    for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))    outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■");    for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))    outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■");   }   setcolor(WHITE);   setfont(45,0,"隸體");   outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!");   Sleep(5000);   return 1;   }   return 0;  }

我設置的一行能放15個小格子，一共能放30行，二維數組visit[30][15],來判斷某個位置是否有方塊，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6個方塊的位置有方塊了，0表示沒方塊,Color[30][15]用來記錄某個位置的方塊的顏色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方塊也就是第1行第1列的方塊對應在界面的坐標，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方塊的下落速度，一開始初始化為500，沒0.5s往下落一行，score記錄分數，每消一行加10分，rank表示等級，每50分等級+1，且速度減100，當速度減到100時，就不變了，只有當分數超過300速度才會減為75，且以后都不會再減少了。

我一個設計了9種方塊，每種方塊都有4種形態，每順時針旋轉90°就有一種形態，所以一共是36個方塊。每個方塊都用5*5的二維數組來表示，36種就是36個二維數組，所以用block[36][5][5]來表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每種方塊的初始形態，k+1，+2，+3,分別表示第k種方塊選擇90°、180°、270°之后的形態。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1種方塊旋轉90°的方塊，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示這個方塊第i+1行，j+1列有一個小方塊，=0代表沒有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25個數列，表示一種方塊。一維數組color[]依次表示9種方塊的顏色。

附上效果圖：