>>>r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})

>>>payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2'))>>>r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)>>>print(r.text){ ... "form": {  "key1": [   "value1",   "value2"  ] }, ...}

>>>import json>>>url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'>>>payload = {'some': 'data'}>>>r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))

>>>url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'>>>payload = {'some': 'data'}>>>r = requests.post(url, json=payload)

from scrapy.spider import CrawlSpiderfrom scrapy.selector import Selectorimport scrapyimport jsonclass LaGou(CrawlSpider):  name = 'myspider'  def start_requests(self):    yield scrapy.FormRequest(      url='https://www.******.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?city=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E&needAddtionalResult=false',      formdata={        'first': 'true',#這里不能給bool類型的True，requests模塊中可以        'pn': '1',#這里不能給int類型的1，requests模塊中可以        'kd': 'python'      },這里的formdata相當(dāng)于requ模塊中的data，key和value只能是鍵值對形式      callback=self.parse    )  def parse(self, response):    datas=json.loads(response.body.decode())['content']['positionResult']['result']    for data in datas:      print(data['companyFullName'] + str(data['positionId']))

return [FormRequest(url="http://www.example.com/post/action",          formdata={'name': 'John Doe', 'age': '27'},          callback=self.after_post)]

return scrapy.FormRequest(url, formdata=(payload))

my_data = {'field1': 'value1', 'field2': 'value2'}request = scrapy.Request( url, method='POST',              body=json.dumps(my_data),              headers={'Content-Type':'application/json'} )

class FormRequest(Request):  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):    formdata = kwargs.pop('formdata', None)    if formdata and kwargs.get('method') is None:      kwargs['method'] = 'POST'    super(FormRequest, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)    if formdata:      items = formdata.items() if isinstance(formdata, dict) else formdata      querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)      if self.method == 'POST':        self.headers.setdefault(b'Content-Type', b'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')        self._set_body(querystr)      else:        self._set_url(self.url + ('&' if '?' in self.url else '?') + querystr)      ###def _urlencode(seq, enc):  values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))       for k, vs in seq       for v in (vs if is_listlike(vs) else [vs])]  return urlencode(values, doseq=1)

class Request(object_ref):  def __init__(self, url, callback=None, method='GET', headers=None, body=None,         cookies=None, meta=None, encoding='utf-8', priority=0,         dont_filter=False, errback=None, flags=None):    self._encoding = encoding # this one has to be set first    self.method = str(method).upper()

def request(method, url, **kwargs):  """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.  :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.  :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.  :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.  :param data: (optional) Dictionary or list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` (will be form-encoded), bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.  :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.  :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.  :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.  :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.    ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``    or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string    defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers    to add for the file.  :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.  :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data    before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read    timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.  :type timeout: float or tuple  :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.  :type allow_redirects: bool  :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.  :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify      the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path      to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.  :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.  :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.  :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object  :rtype: requests.Response  Usage::   >>> import requests   >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')   <Response [200]>  """  # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we  # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some  # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.  with sessions.Session() as session:    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)