>>> from django.db import connection>>> Books.objects.all()>>> connection.queries  ## 可以查看查詢時間[{'sql': 'SELECT "testsql_books"."id", "testsql_books"."name", "testsql_books"."author_id" FROM "testsql_books" LIMIT 21', 'time': '0.002'}]

pip install django-extensions

 INSTALLED_APPS = (    ...    'django_extensions',    ...    )

>>> from testsql.models import Books>>> Books.objects.all()  SELECT "testsql_books"."id", "testsql_books"."name", "testsql_books"."author_id" FROM "testsql_books" LIMIT 21Execution time: 0.002000s [Database: default]<QuerySet [<Books: Books object>, <Books: Books object>, <Books: Books object>]>

增models.Tb1.objects.create(c1='xx', c2='oo') 增加一條數據，可以接受字典類型數據 **kwargsobj = models.Tb1(c1='xx', c2='oo')obj.save() 查models.Tb1.objects.get(id=123)     # 獲取單條數據，不存在則報錯（不建議）models.Tb1.objects.all()        # 獲取全部models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven') # 獲取指定條件的數據models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name='seven') # 獲取指定條件的數據 刪models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').delete() # 刪除指定條件的數據 改models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').update(gender='0') # 將指定條件的數據更新，均支持 **kwargsobj = models.Tb1.objects.get(id=1)obj.c1 = '111'obj.save()                         # 修改單條數據

獲取個數  models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').count()大于，小于  models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gt=1)       # 獲取id大于1的值  models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gte=1)       # 獲取id大于等于1的值  models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10)       # 獲取id小于10的值  models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lte=10)       # 獲取id小于10的值  models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1)  # 獲取id大于1 且 小于10的值in  models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33])  # 獲取id等于11、22、33的數據  models.Tb1.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # not inisnull  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__isnull=True)contains  models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven")  models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains大小寫不敏感  models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name__icontains="ven")range  models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 2])  # 范圍bettwen and其他類似  startswith，istartswith, endswith, iendswith,order by  models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('id')  # asc  models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('-id')  # descgroup by--annotate  from django.db.models import Count, Min, Max, Sum  models.Tb1.objects.filter(c1=1).values('id').annotate(c=Count('num'))  SELECT "app01_tb1"."id", COUNT("app01_tb1"."num") AS "c" FROM "app01_tb1" WHERE "app01_tb1"."c1" = 1 GROUP BY "app01_tb1"."id"limit 、offset  models.Tb1.objects.all()[10:20]regex正則匹配，iregex 不區分大小寫  Entry.objects.get(title__regex=r'^(An?|The) +')  Entry.objects.get(title__iregex=r'^(an?|the) +')date  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date__gt=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))year  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005)  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year__gte=2005)month  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month=12)  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month__gte=6)day  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day=3)  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day__gte=3)week_day  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=2)  Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day__gte=2)hour  Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour=23)  Event.objects.filter(time__hour=5)  Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour__gte=12)minute  Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute=29)  Event.objects.filter(time__minute=46)  Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute__gte=29)second  Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second=31)  Event.objects.filter(time__second=2)  Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second__gte=31)

  extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)    Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,))    Entry.objects.extra(where=['headline=%s'], params=['Lennon'])    Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo='a' OR bar = 'a'", "baz = 'a'"])    Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=['-nid'])

  from django.db.models import F  models.Tb1.objects.update(num=F('num')+1)

  方式一：  Q(nid__gt=10)  Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)  Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption='root')  方式二：  con = Q()  q1 = Q()  q1.connector = 'OR'  q1.children.append(('id', 1))  q1.children.append(('id', 10))  q1.children.append(('id', 9))  q2 = Q()  q2.connector = 'OR'  q2.children.append(('c1', 1))  q2.children.append(('c1', 10))  q2.children.append(('c1', 9))  con.add(q1, 'AND')  con.add(q2, 'AND')  models.Tb1.objects.filter(con)

  # 條件查詢  # 條件可以是：參數，字典，Q

   性能相關：表之間進行join連表操作，一次性獲取關聯的數據。   model.tb.objects.all().select_related()   model.tb.objects.all().select_related('外鍵字段')   model.tb.objects.all().select_related('外鍵字段__外鍵字段')

  性能相關：多表連表操作時速度會慢，使用其執行多次SQL查詢 在內存中做關聯，而不會再做連表查詢      # 第一次 獲取所有用戶表      # 第二次 獲取用戶類型表where id in (用戶表中的查到的所有用戶ID)      models.UserInfo.objects.prefetch_related('外鍵字段')

# 用于實現聚合group by查詢  from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum  v = models.UserInfo.objects.values('u_id').annotate(uid=Count('u_id'))  # SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id  v = models.UserInfo.objects.values('u_id').annotate(uid=Count('u_id')).filter(uid__gt=1)  # SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1  v = models.UserInfo.objects.values('u_id').annotate(uid=Count('u_id',distinct=True)).filter(uid__gt=1)  # SELECT u_id, COUNT( DISTINCT ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1

 # 構造額外的查詢條件或者映射，如：子查詢    Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,))    Entry.objects.extra(where=['headline=%s'], params=['Lennon'])    Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo='a' OR bar = 'a'", "baz = 'a'"])    Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=['-nid'])

# 倒序models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-nid').reverse()# 注：如果存在order_by，reverse則是倒序，如果多個排序則一一倒序

 models.UserInfo.objects.defer('username','id')或models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).defer('username','id')# 映射中排除某列數據

# 僅取某個表中的數據models.UserInfo.objects.only('username','id')或models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).only('username','id')

1.connectionfrom django.db import connection, connectionscursor = connection.cursor() # cursor = connections['default'].cursor()django的settings中的db配置 ' default'，指定數據庫cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])row = cursor.fetchone()2 .extraEntry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=['-nid'])3 . raw     name_map = {'a':'A','b':'B'}models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from xxxx',translations=name_map)