本文實(shí)例講述了Django開(kāi)發(fā)的簡(jiǎn)易留言板。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：
Django在線留言板小練習(xí)
環(huán)境
ubuntu16.04 + python3 + django1.11
1、創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目
django-admin.py startproject message
進(jìn)入項(xiàng)目message
2、創(chuàng)建APP
python manager.py startapp guestbook
項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)
.
├── guestbook
│ ├── admin.py
│ ├── apps.py
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── migrations
│ │ └── __init__.py
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── tests.py
│ └── views.py
├── manage.py
└── message
├── __init__.py
├── __pycache__
│ ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│ └── settings.cpython-35.pyc
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py4 directories, 14 files
需要做的事：
配置項(xiàng)目setting 、初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、配置url 、編寫(xiě)views 、創(chuàng)建HTML文件
項(xiàng)目配置
打開(kāi)message/settings.py
設(shè)置哪些主機(jī)可以訪問(wèn),*代表所有主機(jī)
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'guestbook', #剛剛創(chuàng)建的APP，加入到此項(xiàng)目中]#數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)默認(rèn)用sqlite3,后期可以換成MySQL或者SQL Server等TIME_ZONE = 'PRC' #時(shí)區(qū)設(shè)置為中國(guó)
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)字段
#encoding: utf-8from django.db import modelsclass Message(models.Model): username=models.CharField(max_length=256) content=models.TextField(max_length=256) publish=models.DateTimeField() #為了顯示 def __str__(self): tpl = '<Message:[username={username}, return tpl.format(username=self.username, style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; width: 660px; overflow: hidden; clear: both; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"> # 1. 創(chuàng)建更改的文件root@python:/online/message# python3 manage.py makemigrationsMigrations for 'guestbook': guestbook/migrations/0001_initial.py - Create model Message# 2. 將生成的py文件應(yīng)用到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)root@python:/online/message# python3 manage.py migrateOperations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, guestbook, sessionsRunning migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying guestbook.0001_initial... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
配置url
設(shè)置項(xiàng)目message/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include #添加了includefrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^guestbook/', include('guestbook.urls',namespace='guestbook')), #表示在url地址中所有g(shù)uestbook的都交給guestbook下面的url來(lái)處理，后面的逗號(hào)不要省略]設(shè)置APP的url
如果是初次創(chuàng)建APP，urls.py在APP中一般不存在，創(chuàng)建即可
vim guestbook/urls.py
# 內(nèi)容如下from django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r'^index/',views.index,name='index'), #不要忘了逗號(hào)]
編寫(xiě)views
編輯APP中的views.py
from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.http import HttpResponseRedirectfrom . import models# Create your views here.def index(request): messages = models.Message.objects.all() return render(request, 'guestbook/index.html', {'messages' : messages})編寫(xiě)HTML文件
創(chuàng)建APP/templates/guestbook/index.html目錄及文件
使用bootstrap美化了
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>留言板</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed"> <thead> <tr class="danger"> <th>留言時(shí)間</th> <th>留言者</th> <th>標(biāo)題</th> <th>內(nèi)容</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% if messages %} {% for message in messages %} <tr class="{% cycle 'active' 'success' 'warning' 'info' %}"> <td>{{ message.publish|date:'Y-m-d H:i:s' }}</td> <td>{{ message.username }}</td> <td>{{ message.title }}</td> <td>{{ message.content }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} {% else %} <tr> <td colspan="4">無(wú)數(shù)據(jù)</td> </tr> {% endif %} </tbody> </table> <a class="btn btn-xs btn-info" href="/guestbook/create/" rel="external nofollow" >去留言</a> </body></html>調(diào)試index頁(yè)面
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:99
打開(kāi)瀏覽器訪問(wèn)http://開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)器ip地址:99/guestbook/index/
留言展示頁(yè)面成功
創(chuàng)建留言頁(yè)面
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>留言</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <!-- 我是注釋 --> <h3>留言</h3> <!--h1-> h6--> <!--method: POST /GET --> <form action="/guestbook/save/" method="POST" novalidate="novalidate"> {% csrf_token %} <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed"> <label>用戶名:</label> <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用戶名" /> <br /><br /> <label>標(biāo) 題:</label> <input type="text" name="title" placeholder="標(biāo)題" /><br /><br /> <label>內(nèi) 容:</label> <textarea name="content" placeholder="內(nèi)容"> </textarea><br /><br /> </table> <input class="btn btn-success" type="submit" value="留言"/> </form> </body></html>配置APP下的url
vim guestbook/urls.py
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^index/',views.index,name='index'), #不要忘了逗號(hào) url(r'^create/$', views.create, name='create'), url(r'^save/$', views.save, name='save'), ]
編輯views.py
#先導(dǎo)入時(shí)間模塊import datetime#添加create、savedef create(request): return render(request, 'guestbook/create.html')def save(request): username = request.POST.get("username") content = request.POST.get("content") publish = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") message = models.Message(title=title, content=content, username=username, publish=publish) message.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/guestbook/index/')OK，再次運(yùn)行，enjoy it!
希望本文所述對(duì)大家基于Django框架的Python程序設(shè)計(jì)有所幫助。
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