關于Android加載狀態視圖切換，具體內容如下
1.關于Android界面切換狀態的介紹
怎樣切換界面狀態？有些界面想定制自定義狀態？狀態如何添加點擊事件？下面就為解決這些問題！
內容界面
加載數據中
加載數據錯誤
加載后沒有數據
沒有網絡
2.思路轉變，抽取分離類管理幾種狀態
以前做法：
直接把這些界面include到main界面中，然后動態去切換界面，后來發現這樣處理不容易復用到其他項目中，而且在activity中處理這些狀態的顯示和隱藏比較亂
利用子類繼承父類特性，在父類中寫切換狀態，但有些界面如果沒有繼承父類，又該如何處理
現在做法：
讓View狀態的切換和Activity徹底分離開，必須把這些狀態View都封裝到一個管理類中，然后暴露出幾個方法來實現View之間的切換。
在不同的項目中可以需要的View也不一樣，所以考慮把管理類設計成builder模式來自由的添加需要的狀態View
3.關于該狀態切換工具優點分析
可以自由切換內容，空數據，異常錯誤，加載，網絡錯誤等5種狀態
父類BaseActivity直接暴露5中狀態，方便子類統一管理狀態切換
/*** ================================================* 作 者：楊充* 版 本：1.0* 創建日期：2017/7/6* 描 述：抽取類* 修訂歷史：* ================================================*/public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity { protected StatusLayoutManager statusLayoutManager; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_base_view); initStatusLayout(); initBaseView(); initToolBar(); initView(); } protected abstract void initStatusLayout(); protected abstract void initView(); /** * 獲取到布局 */ private void initBaseView() { LinearLayout ll_main = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_main); ll_main.addView(statusLayoutManager.getRootLayout()); } //正常展示數據狀態 protected void showContent() { statusLayoutManager.showContent(); } //加載數據為空時狀態 protected void showEmptyData() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData(); } //加載數據錯誤時狀態 protected void showError() { statusLayoutManager.showError(); } //網絡錯誤時狀態 protected void showNetWorkError() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError(); } //正在加載中狀態 protected void showLoading() { statusLayoutManager.showLoading(); }}當狀態是加載數據失敗時，點擊可以刷新數據；當狀態是無網絡時，點擊可以設置網絡
/*** 點擊重新刷新*/private void initErrorDataView() { statusLayoutManager.showError(); LinearLayout ll_error_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_error_data); ll_error_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { initData(); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showContent(); } });}/*** 點擊設置網絡*/private void initSettingNetwork() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError(); LinearLayout ll_set_network = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_set_network); ll_set_network.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.settings.WIRELESS_SETTINGS"); startActivity(intent); } });}倘若有些頁面想定制狀態布局，也可以自由實現，很簡單：
/*** 自定義加載數據為空時的狀態布局*/private void initEmptyDataView() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData(); //此處是自己定義的狀態布局 **statusLayoutManager.showLayoutEmptyData(R.layout.activity_emptydata);** LinearLayout ll_empty_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_empty_data); ll_empty_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { initData(); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showContent(); } });}4.如何實現的步驟
1）.先看看狀態管理器類【builder建造者模式】
loadingLayoutResId和contentLayoutResId代表等待加載和顯示內容的xml文件
幾種異常狀態要用ViewStub，因為在界面狀態切換中loading和內容View都是一直需要加載顯示的，但是其他的3個只有在沒數據或者網絡異常的情況下才會加載顯示，所以用ViewStub來加載他們可以提高性能。
public class StateLayoutManager { final Context context; final ViewStub netWorkErrorVs; final int netWorkErrorRetryViewId; final ViewStub emptyDataVs; final int emptyDataRetryViewId; final ViewStub errorVs; final int errorRetryViewId; final int loadingLayoutResId; final int contentLayoutResId; final int retryViewId; final int emptyDataIconImageId; final int emptyDataTextTipId; final int errorIconImageId; final int errorTextTipId; final VLayout errorLayout; final VLayout emptyDataLayout; final RootFrameLayout rootFrameLayout; final OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener; final OnRetryListener onRetryListener; public StateLayoutManager(Builder builder) { this.context = builder.context; this.loadingLayoutResId = builder.loadingLayoutResId; this.netWorkErrorVs = builder.netWorkErrorVs; this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = builder.netWorkErrorRetryViewId; this.emptyDataVs = builder.emptyDataVs; this.emptyDataRetryViewId = builder.emptyDataRetryViewId; this.errorVs = builder.errorVs; this.errorRetryViewId = builder.errorRetryViewId; this.contentLayoutResId = builder.contentLayoutResId; this.onShowHideViewListener = builder.onShowHideViewListener; this.retryViewId = builder.retryViewId; this.onRetryListener = builder.onRetryListener; this.emptyDataIconImageId = builder.emptyDataIconImageId; this.emptyDataTextTipId = builder.emptyDataTextTipId; this.errorIconImageId = builder.errorIconImageId; this.errorTextTipId = builder.errorTextTipId; this.errorLayout = builder.errorLayout; this.emptyDataLayout = builder.emptyDataLayout; rootFrameLayout = new RootFrameLayout(this.context); ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT); rootFrameLayout.setLayoutParams(layoutParams); rootFrameLayout.setStatusLayoutManager(this); } /** * 顯示loading */ public void showLoading() { rootFrameLayout.showLoading(); } /** * 顯示內容 */ public void showContent() { rootFrameLayout.showContent(); } /** * 顯示空數據 */ public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) { rootFrameLayout.showEmptyData(iconImage, textTip); } /** * 顯示空數據 */ public void showEmptyData() { showEmptyData(0, ""); } /** * 顯示空數據 */ public void showLayoutEmptyData(Object... objects) { rootFrameLayout.showLayoutEmptyData(objects); } /** * 顯示網絡異常 */ public void showNetWorkError() { rootFrameLayout.showNetWorkError(); } /** * 顯示異常 */ public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) { rootFrameLayout.showError(iconImage, textTip); } /** * 顯示異常 */ public void showError() { showError(0, ""); } public void showLayoutError(Object... objects) { rootFrameLayout.showLayoutError(objects); } /** * 得到root 布局 */ public View getRootLayout() { return rootFrameLayout; } public static final class Builder { private Context context; private int loadingLayoutResId; private int contentLayoutResId; private ViewStub netWorkErrorVs; private int netWorkErrorRetryViewId; private ViewStub emptyDataVs; private int emptyDataRetryViewId; private ViewStub errorVs; private int errorRetryViewId; private int retryViewId; private int emptyDataIconImageId; private int emptyDataTextTipId; private int errorIconImageId; private int errorTextTipId; private VLayout errorLayout; private VLayout emptyDataLayout; private OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener; private OnRetryListener onRetryListener; public Builder(Context context) { this.context = context; } /** * 自定義加載布局 */ public Builder loadingView(@LayoutRes int loadingLayoutResId) { this.loadingLayoutResId = loadingLayoutResId; return this; } /** * 自定義網絡錯誤布局 */ public Builder netWorkErrorView(@LayoutRes int newWorkErrorId) { netWorkErrorVs = new ViewStub(context); netWorkErrorVs.setLayoutResource(newWorkErrorId); return this; } /** * 自定義加載空數據布局 */ public Builder emptyDataView(@LayoutRes int noDataViewId) { emptyDataVs = new ViewStub(context); emptyDataVs.setLayoutResource(noDataViewId); return this; } /** * 自定義加載錯誤布局 */ public Builder errorView(@LayoutRes int errorViewId) { errorVs = new ViewStub(context); errorVs.setLayoutResource(errorViewId); return this; } /** * 自定義加載內容正常布局 */ public Builder contentView(@LayoutRes int contentLayoutResId) { this.contentLayoutResId = contentLayoutResId; return this; } public Builder errorLayout(VLayout errorLayout) { this.errorLayout = errorLayout; this.errorVs = errorLayout.getLayoutVs(); return this; } public Builder emptyDataLayout(VLayout emptyDataLayout) { this.emptyDataLayout = emptyDataLayout; this.emptyDataVs = emptyDataLayout.getLayoutVs(); return this; } public Builder netWorkErrorRetryViewId(int netWorkErrorRetryViewId) { this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = netWorkErrorRetryViewId; return this; } public Builder emptyDataRetryViewId(int emptyDataRetryViewId) { this.emptyDataRetryViewId = emptyDataRetryViewId; return this; } public Builder errorRetryViewId(int errorRetryViewId) { this.errorRetryViewId = errorRetryViewId; return this; } public Builder retryViewId(int retryViewId) { this.retryViewId = retryViewId; return this; } public Builder emptyDataIconImageId(int emptyDataIconImageId) { this.emptyDataIconImageId = emptyDataIconImageId; return this; } public Builder emptyDataTextTipId(int emptyDataTextTipId) { this.emptyDataTextTipId = emptyDataTextTipId; return this; } public Builder errorIconImageId(int errorIconImageId) { this.errorIconImageId = errorIconImageId; return this; } public Builder errorTextTipId(int errorTextTipId) { this.errorTextTipId = errorTextTipId; return this; } public Builder onShowHideViewListener(OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener) { this.onShowHideViewListener = onShowHideViewListener; return this; } public Builder onRetryListener(OnRetryListener onRetryListener) { this.onRetryListener = onRetryListener; return this; } public StateLayoutManager build() { return new StateLayoutManager(this); } } public static Builder newBuilder(Context context) { return new Builder(context); }}2）.大約5種狀態，如何管理這些狀態？添加到集合中，Android中選用SparseArray比HashMap更省內存，在某些條件下性能更好，主要是因為它避免了對key的自動裝箱（int轉為Integer類型），它內部則是通過兩個數組來進行數據存儲的，一個存儲key，另外一個存儲value，為了優化性能，它內部對數據還采取了壓縮的方式來表示稀疏數組的數據，從而節約內存空間
/**存放布局集合 */private SparseArray<View> layoutSparseArray = new SparseArray();
/**將布局添加到集合 */……private void addLayoutResId(@LayoutRes int layoutResId, int id) { View resView = LayoutInflater.from(mStatusLayoutManager.context).inflate(layoutResId, null); **layoutSparseArray.put(id, resView);** addView(resView);}3）.當顯示某個布局時，調用的方法如下
方法里面通過id判斷來執行不同的代碼，首先判斷ViewStub是否為空，如果為空就代表沒有添加這個View就返回false，不為空就加載View并且添加到集合當中，然后調用showHideViewById方法顯示隱藏View，retryLoad方法是給重試按鈕添加事件
/*** 顯示loading*/public void showLoading() { if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID) != null) **showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID);}/*** 顯示內容*/public void showContent() { if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID) != null) **showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID);}/*** 顯示空數據*/public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID)) { showHideViewById(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID); emptyDataViewAddData(iconImage, textTip); }}/*** 顯示網絡異常*/public void showNetWorkError() { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID)) showHideViewById(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID);}/*** 顯示異常*/public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID)) { showHideViewById(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID); errorViewAddData(iconImage, textTip); }}//調用inflateLayout方法，方法返回true然后調用showHideViewById方法private boolean inflateLayout(int id) { boolean isShow = true; if (layoutSparseArray.get(id) != null) return isShow; switch (id) { case LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs != null) { View view = mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs.inflate(); retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorRetryViewId); layoutSparseArray.put(id, view); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; case LAYOUT_ERROR_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs != null) { View view = mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs.inflate(); if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout.setView(view); retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.errorRetryViewId); layoutSparseArray.put(id, view); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; case LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs != null) { View view = mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs.inflate(); if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout.setView(view); retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataRetryViewId); layoutSparseArray.put(id, view); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; } return isShow;}4）.然后在根據id隱藏布局
通過id找到需要顯示的View并且顯示它，隱藏其他View，如果顯示隱藏監聽事件不為空，就分別調用它的顯示和隱藏方法
/*** 根據ID顯示隱藏布局* @param id*/private void showHideViewById(int id) { for (int i = 0; i < layoutSparseArray.size(); i++) { int key = layoutSparseArray.keyAt(i); View valueView = layoutSparseArray.valueAt(i); //顯示該view if(key == id) { valueView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onShowView(valueView, key); } else { if(valueView.getVisibility() != View.GONE) { valueView.setVisibility(View.GONE); if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onHideView(valueView, key); } } }}5）.最后看看重新加載方法
/*** 重試加載*/private void retryLoad(View view, int id) { View retryView = view.findViewById(mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId != 0 ? mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId : id); if (retryView == null || mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener == null) return; retryView.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener.onRetry(); } });}5.使用方法介紹
1）.直接在Activity中添加代碼
@Overrideprotected void initStatusLayout() { statusLayoutManager = StateLayoutManager.newBuilder(this) .contentView(R.layout.activity_content_data) .emptyDataView(R.layout.activity_empty_data) .errorView(R.layout.activity_error_data) .loadingView(R.layout.activity_loading_data) .netWorkErrorView(R.layout.activity_networkerror) .onRetryListener(new OnRetryListener() { @Override public void onRetry() { //為重試加載按鈕的監聽事件 } }) .onShowHideViewListener(new OnShowHideViewListener() { @Override public void onShowView(View view, int id) { //為狀態View顯示監聽事件 } @Override public void onHideView(View view, int id) { //為狀態View隱藏監聽事件 } }) .build();}2）.在父類中重寫以下幾個方法，子類直接繼承就行
//正常展示數據狀態protected void showContent() { statusLayoutManager.showContent();}//加載數據為空時狀態protected void showEmptyData() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();}//加載數據錯誤時狀態protected void showError() { statusLayoutManager.showError();}//網絡錯誤時狀態protected void showNetWorkError() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();}//正在加載中狀態protected void showLoading() { statusLayoutManager.showLoading();}3）.更加詳細的介紹，可以直接參考Demo
https://github.com/yangchong211/YCStateLayout
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持武林網。
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