用JAVA 設(shè)計生成二維碼詳細教程

2019-11-26 14:00:22

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供稿：網(wǎng)友

教你一步一步用 java 設(shè)計生成二維碼

在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時代，二維碼是個很重要的東西了，現(xiàn)在無論什么東西都要搞個二維碼標志，唯恐落伍，就差人沒有用二維碼識別了。也許有一天生分證或者戶口本都會用二維碼識別了。今天心血來潮，看見別人都為自己的博客添加了二維碼，我也想搞一個測試一下.

主要用來實現(xiàn)兩點：

1. 生成任意文字的二維碼.

2. 在二維碼的中間加入圖像.

一、準備工作。

準備QR二維碼3.0 版本的core包和一張jpg圖片。

下載QR二維碼包。

首先得下載 zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包

下載地址: 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)遷移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,

當然你也可以從maven倉庫下載jar 包: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/

二、程序設(shè)計

1、啟動eclipse，新建一個java項目，命好項目名（本例取名為QRCodeSoft）。點下一步：

2、導(dǎo)入zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包：點“添加外部JAR(X)…”。

3、新建兩個類，分別是：

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

QRCodeUtil.java

關(guān)鍵代碼在于：BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中測試的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代碼：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;import java.awt.Graphics2D;import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {	private final BufferedImage image;	private final int left;	private final int top;	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {		this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());	}	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,			int top, int width, int height) {		super(width, height);		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();		if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {			throw new IllegalArgumentException(					"Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");		}		for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {			for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {				if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {					image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white				}			}		}		this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,				BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);		this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);		this.left = left;		this.top = top;	}		public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {		if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {			throw new IllegalArgumentException(					"Requested row is outside the image: " + y);		}		int width = getWidth();		if (row == null || row.length < width) {			row = new byte[width];		}		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);		return row;	}		public byte[] getMatrix() {		int width = getWidth();		int height = getHeight();		int area = width * height;		byte[] matrix = new byte[area];		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);		return matrix;	}		public boolean isCropSupported() {		return true;	}		public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,				this.top + top, width, height);	}		public boolean isRotateSupported() {		return true;	}		public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();		AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0,				0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);		BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,				sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);		Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();		g.drawImage(image, transform, null);		g.dispose();		int width = getWidth();		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,				sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);	}}

QRCodeUtil.java的程序代碼：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;import java.awt.BasicStroke;import java.awt.Graphics;import java.awt.Graphics2D;import java.awt.Image;import java.awt.Shape;import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.io.File;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.Hashtable;import java.util.Random;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;import com.google.zxing.Result;import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;/** * 二維碼工具類 *  */public class QRCodeUtil {	private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";	private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";	// 二維碼尺寸	private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;	// LOGO寬度	private static final int WIDTH = 60;	// LOGO高度	private static final int HEIGHT = 60;	private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {		Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();		hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);		hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);		BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,				BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);		int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();		int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,				BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {			for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {				image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000						: 0xFFFFFFFF);			}		}		if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {			return image;		}		// 插入圖片		QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);		return image;	}	/**	 * 插入LOGO	 * 	 * @param source	 *   二維碼圖片	 * @param imgPath	 *   LOGO圖片地址	 * @param needCompress	 *   是否壓縮	 * @throws Exception	 */	private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {		File file = new File(imgPath);		if (!file.exists()) {			System.err.println(""+imgPath+" 該文件不存在！");			return;		}		Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));		int width = src.getWidth(null);		int height = src.getHeight(null);		if (needCompress) { // 壓縮LOGO			if (width > WIDTH) {				width = WIDTH;			}			if (height > HEIGHT) {				height = HEIGHT;			}			Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,					Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);			BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,					BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);			Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();			g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 繪制縮小后的圖			g.dispose();			src = image;		}		// 插入LOGO		Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();		int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;		int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;		graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);		Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);		graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));		graph.draw(shape);		graph.dispose();	}	/**	 * 生成二維碼(內(nèi)嵌LOGO)	 * 	 * @param content	 *   內(nèi)容	 * @param imgPath	 *   LOGO地址	 * @param destPath	 *   存放目錄	 * @param needCompress	 *   是否壓縮LOGO	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,				needCompress);		mkdirs(destPath);		String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));	}	/**	 * 當文件夾不存在時，mkdirs會自動創(chuàng)建多層目錄，區(qū)別于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會拋出異常)	 * @author lanyuan	 * Email: mmm333zzz520@163.com	 * @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36	 * @param destPath 存放目錄	 */	public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {		File file =new File(destPath); 		//當文件夾不存在時，mkdirs會自動創(chuàng)建多層目錄，區(qū)別于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會拋出異常)		if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {			file.mkdirs();		}	}	/**	 * 生成二維碼(內(nèi)嵌LOGO)	 * 	 * @param content	 *   內(nèi)容	 * @param imgPath	 *   LOGO地址	 * @param destPath	 *   存儲地址	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)			throws Exception {		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);	}	/**	 * 生成二維碼	 * 	 * @param content	 *   內(nèi)容	 * @param destPath	 *   存儲地址	 * @param needCompress	 *   是否壓縮LOGO	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static void encode(String content, String destPath,			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);	}	/**	 * 生成二維碼	 * 	 * @param content	 *   內(nèi)容	 * @param destPath	 *   存儲地址	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);	}	/**	 * 生成二維碼(內(nèi)嵌LOGO)	 * 	 * @param content	 *   內(nèi)容	 * @param imgPath	 *   LOGO地址	 * @param output	 *   輸出流	 * @param needCompress	 *   是否壓縮LOGO	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,			OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,				needCompress);		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);	}	/**	 * 生成二維碼	 * 	 * @param content	 *   內(nèi)容	 * @param output	 *   輸出流	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)			throws Exception {		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);	}	/**	 * 解析二維碼	 * 	 * @param file	 *   二維碼圖片	 * @return	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {		BufferedImage image;		image = ImageIO.read(file);		if (image == null) {			return null;		}		BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(				image);		BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));		Result result;		Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();		hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);		result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);		String resultStr = result.getText();		return resultStr;	}	/**	 * 解析二維碼	 * 	 * @param path	 *   二維碼圖片地址	 * @return	 * @throws Exception	 */	public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {		return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));	}	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {		String text = "http://www.yihaomen.com";		QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "c:/me.jpg", "c:/barcode", true);	}}

生成不帶logo 的二維碼

程序代碼如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";  QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);}

運行這個測試方法，生成的二維碼不帶 logo , 樣式如下:

有興趣可以用手機掃描一下

生成帶logo 的二維碼

logo 可以用自己的頭像，或者自己喜歡的一個圖片都可以 , 采用如下代碼，程序代碼如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";  QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc", true); }

唯一的區(qū)別是，在前面的基礎(chǔ)上指定了logo 的地址，這里測試都用了c盤的圖片文件