這里記錄Python中容易被忽視的小問題
一、input(...)和raw_input(...)
#簡單的差看幫助文檔input(...)和raw_input(...)有如下區(qū)別 >>> help(input) Help on built-in function input in module __builtin__: input(...) input([prompt]) -> value Equivalent to eval(raw_input(prompt)). >>> help(raw_input) Help on built-in function raw_input in module __builtin__: raw_input(...) raw_input([prompt]) -> string Read a string from standard input. The trailing newline is stripped. If the user hits EOF (Unix: Ctl-D, Windows: Ctl-Z+Return), raise EOFError. On Unix, GNU readline is used if enabled. The prompt string, if given, is printed without a trailing newline before reading. #可見 input會根據(jù)輸入的內(nèi)容eval結果來返回值,即輸入純數(shù)字,則得到的就是純數(shù)字 # raw_input返回的才是字符串 #test: >>> a = input("輸入數(shù)字") 輸入數(shù)字1 >>> type(a) <type 'int'> >>> b=raw_input("輸入數(shù)字") 輸入數(shù)字1 >>> type(b) <type 'str'> ps:在python3.0以后的版本中,raw_input和input合體了,取消raw_input,并用input代替,所以現(xiàn)在的版本input接收的是字符串
二、python三目運算符
雖然Python沒有C++的三目運算符(?:),但也有類似的替代方案,
那就是
1、 true_part if condition else false_part
>>> 1 if True else 0 1 >>> 1 if False else 0 0 >>> "True" if True else "False" 'True' >>> "True" if True else "False" 'Falser'
2、 (condition and [true_part] or [false_part] )[0]
>>> (True and ["True"] or ["False"])[0] 'True' >>> (False and ["True"] or ["False"])[0] 'False' >>>
三、獲得指定字符串在整個字符串中出現(xiàn)第N次的索引
# -*- coding: cp936 -*- def findStr(string, subStr, findCnt): listStr = a.split(subStr,findCnt) if len(listStr) <= findCnt: return -1 return len(string)-len(listStr[-1])-len(subStr) #test a = "12345(1)254354(1)3534(1)14" sub = "(1)" N = 2 #查找第2次出現(xiàn)的位置 print findStr(a,sub,N) N = 10 #查找第10次出現(xiàn)的位置 print findStr(a,sub,N) #結果 #>>> #14 #-1
四、enumerate用法:
遍歷序列的時候,可能同時需要用到序列的索引和對應的值,這時候可以采用enumerate方法進行遍歷
enumerate的說明如下:
>>> help(enumerate) Help on class enumerate in module __builtin__: class enumerate(object) | enumerate(iterable[, start]) -> iterator for index, value of iterable | | Return an enumerate object. iterable must be another object that supports | iteration. The enumerate object yields pairs containing a count (from | start, which defaults to zero) and a value yielded by the iterable argument. | enumerate is useful for obtaining an indexed list: | (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), ... | | Methods defined here: | | __getattribute__(...) | x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name | | __iter__(...) | x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) | | next(...) | x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data and other attributes defined here: | | __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object> | T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T 五、遍歷序列的方法
>>> List = ['a','b','c'] >>> for index, value in enumerate(List): print index, value 0 a 1 b 2 c >>>
六、使用python random模塊的sample函數(shù)從列表中隨機選擇一組元素
import List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] slice = random.sample(List, 5)#從List中隨機獲取5個元素,作為一個片斷返回 print slice print List #原有序列并沒有改變。
七、用json打印包含中文的列表字典等
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import json #你的列表 listA = [{'path': ['[AWS] /xe7/xbe/x8e/xe5/xb0/x91/xe5/xa5/xb3/xe6/x88/x98/xe5/xa3/xab Sailor Moon Crystal - Moon Pride MV[BIG5][BDrip 1080p x264 AAC][6E5CFE86].mp4'], 'length': 131248608L}, {'path': ['[AWS] /xe7/xbe/x8e/xe5/xb0/x91/xe5/xa5/xb3/xe6/x88/x98/xe5/xa3/xab Sailor Moon Crystal - Moon Pride MV[BIG5][BDrip 720p x264 AAC][639D304A].mp4'], 'length': 103166306L}, {'path': ['[AWS] /xe7/xbe/x8e/xe5/xb0/x91/xe5/xa5/xb3/xe6/x88/x98/xe5/xa3/xab Sailor Moon Crystal - Moon Pride MV[BIG5][BDrip 480p x264 AAC][5A81BACA].mp4'], 'length': 75198408L}]#打印列表print json.dumps(listA, encoding='UTF-8', ensure_ascii=False) 輸出結果:
>>> [{"path": ["[AWS] 美少女戰(zhàn)士 Sailor Moon Crystal - Moon Pride MV[BIG5][BDrip 1080p x264 AAC][6E5CFE86].mp4"], "length": 131248608}, {"path": ["[AWS] 美少女戰(zhàn)士 Sailor Moon Crystal - Moon Pride MV[BIG5][BDrip 720p x264 AAC][639D304A].mp4"], "length": 103166306}, {"path": ["[AWS] 美少女戰(zhàn)士 Sailor Moon Crystal - Moon Pride MV[BIG5][BDrip 480p x264 AAC][5A81BACA].mp4"], "length": 75198408}] 希望本文所述對大家的Python程序設計有所幫助。
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