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使用Python導(dǎo)出Excel圖表以及導(dǎo)出為圖片的方法

2019-11-25 17:02:58
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本篇講下如何使用純python代碼將excel 中的圖表導(dǎo)出為圖片。這里需要使用的模塊有win32com、pythoncom模塊。

網(wǎng)上經(jīng)查詢有人已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好的模塊pyxlchart,具體代碼如下:

from win32com.client import Dispatchimport osimport pythoncomclass Pyxlchart(object): """ This class exports charts in an Excel Spreadsheet to the FileSystem win32com libraries are required. """ def __init__(self):  pythoncom.CoInitialize()  self.WorkbookDirectory = ''  self.WorkbookFilename = ''  self.GetAllWorkbooks = False  self.SheetName = ''  self.ChartName = ''  self.GetAllWorkbookCharts = False  self.GetAllWorksheetCharts = False  self.ExportPath = ''  self.ImageFilename = ''  self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar = '_'  self.ImageType = 'jpg' def __del__(self):  pass def start_export(self):  if self.WorkbookDirectory == '':   return "WorkbookDirectory not set"  else:   self._export() def _export(self):  """  Exports Charts as determined by the settings in class variabels.  """  excel = Dispatch("excel.application")  excel.Visible = False  wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(os.path.join(self.WorkbookDirectory ,self.WorkbookFilename))  self._get_Charts_In_Worksheet(wb,self.SheetName,self.ChartName)  wb.Close(False)  excel.Quit() def _get_Charts_In_Worksheet(self,wb,worksheet = "", chartname = ""):  if worksheet != "" and chartname != "":   sht = self._change_sheet(wb,worksheet)   cht = sht.ChartObjects(chartname)   self._save_chart(cht)   return  if worksheet == "":   for sht in wb.Worksheets:    for cht in sht.ChartObjects():     if chartname == "":      self._save_chart(cht)     else:      if chartname == cht.Name:       self._save_chart(cht)  else:   sht = wb.Worksheets(worksheet)   for cht in sht.ChartObjects():    if chartname == "":     self._save_chart(cht)    else:     if chartname == cht.Name:      self._save_chart(cht) def _change_sheet(self,wb,worksheet):  try:   return wb.Worksheets(worksheet)  except:   raise NameError('Unable to Select Sheet: ' + worksheet + ' in Workbook: ' + wb.Name) def _save_chart(self,chartObject):  imagename = self._get_filename(chartObject.Name)  savepath = os.path.join(self.ExportPath,imagename)  print savepath  chartObject.Chart.Export(savepath,self.ImageType) def _get_filename(self,chartname):  """  Replaces white space in self.WorkbookFileName with the value given in self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar  If self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar is an empty string then self.WorkBookFileName is left as is  """  if self.ImageFilename == '':   self.ImageFilename == chartname  if self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar != '':   chartname.replace(' ',self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar)  if self.ImageFilename != "":   return self.ImageFilename + "_" + chartname + "." + self.ImageType  else:   return chartname + '.' + self.ImageTypeif __name__ == "__main__": xl = Pyxlchart() xl.WorkbookDirectory = "http:////maawtns01//discipline//procurement//MATERIEL//Raw Material//Data Management//Hawk" xl.WorkbookFilename = "Hawk Workability KPI.xlsm" xl.SheetName = "" xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1" xl.ExportPath = "d://pycharts" xl.ChartName = "" xl.start_export() print "This file does not currently allow direct access" print "Please import PyXLChart and run start_export()"

   
這里還使用Excel vba將chart另存為圖片篇中創(chuàng)建的chart_column.xlsx表,使用上面的模塊的方法如下:

from pyxlchart import Pyxlchartxl = Pyxlchart()xl.WorkbookDirectory = "D://"xl.WorkbookFilename = "chart_column.xlsx"xl.SheetName = ""#xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"xl.ExportPath = "d://"xl.ChartName = ""xl.start_export()

由于有該表里有多張圖表,所以上面未指定xl.ImageFilename ,使用示例如下:

2015117153059052.png (334×82)

Excel vba將chart另存為圖片
python下使用xlswriter模塊,可以輕松在excel 中創(chuàng)建圖片,不過(guò)想實(shí)現(xiàn)將生成的chart圖表導(dǎo)出為圖片,在email 中導(dǎo)入圖片的目標(biāo) 。經(jīng)網(wǎng)上查詢未找到通過(guò)python代碼將excel 中已經(jīng)生成的圖片導(dǎo)出為圖片的方法,不過(guò)通過(guò)變通方法,使用excel 內(nèi)的vba 宏卻可以輕松將圖片導(dǎo)出。

1、導(dǎo)出單張圖片

python 創(chuàng)建chart圖片代碼:

#coding: utf-8import xlsxwriterimport randomdef get_num(): return random.randrange(0, 201, 2)workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('analyse_spider.xlsx') #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Excel文件worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)工作表對(duì)象chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'}) #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圖表對(duì)象#定義數(shù)據(jù)表頭列表title = [u'業(yè)務(wù)名稱(chēng)',u'星期一',u'星期二',u'星期三',u'星期四',u'星期五',u'星期六',u'星期日',u'平均流量']buname= [u'運(yùn)維之路',u'就要IT',u'baidu.com',u'361way.com',u'91it.org'] #定義頻道名稱(chēng)#定義5頻道一周7天流量數(shù)據(jù)列表data = []for i in range(5): tmp = [] for j in range(7):  tmp.append(get_num()) data.append(tmp)format=workbook.add_format() #定義format格式對(duì)象format.set_border(1) #定義format對(duì)象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式format_title=workbook.add_format() #定義format_title格式對(duì)象format_title.set_border(1) #定義format_title對(duì)象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式format_title.set_bg_color('#cccccc') #定義format_title對(duì)象單元格背景顏色為          #'#cccccc'的格式format_title.set_align('center') #定義format_title對(duì)象單元格居中對(duì)齊的格式format_title.set_bold() #定義format_title對(duì)象單元格內(nèi)容加粗的格式format_ave=workbook.add_format() #定義format_ave格式對(duì)象format_ave.set_border(1) #定義format_ave對(duì)象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式format_ave.set_num_format('0.00') #定義format_ave對(duì)象單元格數(shù)字類(lèi)別顯示格式#下面分別以行或列寫(xiě)入方式將標(biāo)題、業(yè)務(wù)名稱(chēng)、流量數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入起初單元格,同時(shí)引用不同格式對(duì)象worksheet.write_row('A1',title,format_title)worksheet.write_column('A2', buname,format)worksheet.write_row('B2', data[0],format)worksheet.write_row('B3', data[1],format)worksheet.write_row('B4', data[2],format)worksheet.write_row('B5', data[3],format)worksheet.write_row('B6', data[4],format)#定義圖表數(shù)據(jù)系列函數(shù)def chart_series(cur_row): worksheet.write_formula('I'+cur_row, /  '=AVERAGE(B'+cur_row+':H'+cur_row+')',format_ave) #計(jì)算(AVERAGE函數(shù))頻               #道周平均流量 chart.add_series({  'categories': '=Sheet1!$B$1:$H$1', #將“星期一至星期日”作為圖表數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)簽(X軸)  'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$'+cur_row+':$H$'+cur_row, #頻道一周所有數(shù)據(jù)作                #為數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域  'line':  {'color': 'black'}, #線條顏色定義為black(黑色)  'name': '=Sheet1!$A$'+cur_row, #引用業(yè)務(wù)名稱(chēng)為圖例項(xiàng) })for row in range(2, 7): #數(shù)據(jù)域以第2~6行進(jìn)行圖表數(shù)據(jù)系列函數(shù)調(diào)用 chart_series(str(row))chart.set_size({'width': 577, 'height': 287}) #設(shè)置圖表大小chart.set_title ({'name': u'爬蟲(chóng)分析'}) #設(shè)置圖表(上方)大標(biāo)題chart.set_y_axis({'name': 'count'}) #設(shè)置y軸(左側(cè))小標(biāo)題worksheet.insert_chart('A8', chart) #在A8單元格插入圖表workbook.close() #關(guān)閉Excel文檔

2015117153408935.png (702×414)

由于這里只有一張圖片,通過(guò)vba 代碼很容易生成圖片 。方法為,打開(kāi)該excel 圖表,通過(guò)alt + F11 快捷鍵打開(kāi)宏編輯界面;打開(kāi)VB編輯器的立即窗口:”視圖“-”立即窗口“,或者使用快捷鍵"Ctrl + G" ,接著輸入如下代碼

activesheet.ChartObjects(1).Chart.Export "C:/chart.png"

按 " Enter " 鍵后,會(huì)在C盤(pán)生成上面的生成的chart圖表。

二、導(dǎo)出多張圖表

python代碼如下:

#coding: utf-8import xlsxwriterworkbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_column.xlsx')worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})# 這是個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)table的列headings = ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2']data = [ [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], [10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50], [30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],]worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])#############################################創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圖表,類(lèi)型是columnchart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})# 配置series,這個(gè)和前面wordsheet是有關(guān)系的。chart1.add_series({ 'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',})# Configure a second series. Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.chart1.add_series({ 'name':  ['Sheet1', 0, 2], 'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0], 'values':  ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],})# Add a chart title and some axis labels.chart1.set_title ({'name': 'Results of sample analysis'})chart1.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})chart1.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})# Set an Excel chart style.chart1.set_style(11)# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart1, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})######################################################################### Create a stacked chart sub-type.#chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'stacked'})# Configure the first series.chart2.add_series({ 'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',})# Configure second series.chart2.add_series({ 'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',})# Add a chart title and some axis labels.chart2.set_title ({'name': 'Stacked Chart'})chart2.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})chart2.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})# Set an Excel chart style.chart2.set_style(12)# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).worksheet.insert_chart('D18', chart2, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})######################################################################### Create a percentage stacked chart sub-type.#chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'percent_stacked'})# Configure the first series.chart3.add_series({ 'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',})# Configure second series.chart3.add_series({ 'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',})# Add a chart title and some axis labels.chart3.set_title ({'name': 'Percent Stacked Chart'})chart3.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})chart3.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})# Set an Excel chart style.chart3.set_style(13)# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).worksheet.insert_chart('D34', chart3, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})workbook.close()

同一數(shù)據(jù)源上面創(chuàng)建了三種類(lèi)型的圖 ,由于有三張圖,上面的導(dǎo)出一張圖的方法肯定是不行了,這里打開(kāi)宏,創(chuàng)建如下宏內(nèi)容:

Sub exportimg()Dim XlsChart As ChartObjectFor Each XlsChart In Worksheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects XlsChart.Chart.Export Filename:="C:/" & XlsChart.Name & ".jpg", FilterName:="JPG"NextEnd Sub

該示例這里就不再截圖,具體可以自行運(yùn)行。

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