下面我們學習if語句，輸入下面的代碼，確保能夠正確運行。
people = 20 cats = 30 dogs = 15 if people < cats: print "Too many cats! The world is doomed!" if people > cats: print "Not many cats! The world is saved!" if people < dogs: print "The world is drooled on!" if people > dogs: print "The world is dry!" dogs += 5 if people >= dogs: print "People are greater than or equal to dogs." if people <= dogs: print "People are less than or equal to dogs." if people == dogs: print "People are dogs."
運行結(jié)果
root@he-desktop:~/mystuff# python ex29.py
Too many cats! The world is doomed!The world is dry!People are greater than or equal to dogs.People are less than or equal to dogs.People are dogs.
加分練習
通過上面的練習，我們自己猜測一下if語句的作用，用自己的話回答下面的問題。
1. 你認為if對它下面的代碼做了什么？
判斷為True就執(zhí)行它下面的代碼，否則不執(zhí)行。
2. 為什么if下面的代碼要縮進4個空格？
為了表示這些代碼屬于if判斷下包括的代碼。
3. 如果不縮進會發(fā)生什么？
會提示一個縮進錯誤。
4. 你可以從第27節(jié)中拿一些布爾表達式來做if判斷嗎？
5. 改變people，dogs，cats變量的值，看看會發(fā)生什么？
答案：
1. if語句下面的代碼是if的一個分支。就像書里的一個章節(jié)，你選擇了這章就會跳到這里閱讀。這個if語句就像是說：“如果布爾判斷為True，就執(zhí)行下面的代碼，否則跳過這些代碼”。
2. 用冒號結(jié)束一個語句就是要告訴python，我要開始一個新的代碼段了。縮進4個空格就是說，這些代碼是包含在這個代碼段中的，和函數(shù)的使用一樣。
3. 不縮進會報錯，python規(guī)定冒號后面語句必須有縮進。
4. 可以，而且可以是復雜的語句。
5. 修改變量的值后，判斷語句就會相應的變True或者False，然后輸出不同的語句。
比較我的答案和你自己的答案，確保你能理解代碼塊這個概念，因為這個對于下面的練習非常重要。
輸入下面的代碼，運行它：
people = 30 cars = 40 buses = 15 if cars > people: print "We should take the cars." elif cars < people: print "We should not take the cars." else: print "We can't dicide." if buses > cars: print "That's too many buses." elif buses < cars: print "Maybe we could take the buses." else: print "We still can't decide." if people > buses: print "Alright, let's just take the buses." else: print "Fine, let's stay home then."
運行結(jié)果
root@he-desktop:~/mystuff# python ex30.py
We should take the cars.Maybe we could take the buses.Alright, let's just take the buses.
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