1 端口映射
舉個例子來說明一下端口映射的作用。
有A、B、C三臺計算機,A、B互通,B、C互通,但是A、C不通,這個時候在C上開了一個Web服務,如何讓A訪問C的Web服務?
最簡單有效的辦法就是在B上開一個端口映射服務,然后讓A訪問B的某個端口,B將這個端口上的所有流量全部轉發到C的Web服務端口上,同時將C上Web服務返回的流量也全部轉發給A。這樣對A來說,以B為跳板,實現了間接訪問C上Web服務的目的。
2 實現流程
端口映射的原理并不復雜,本文以TCP為例介紹一下實現過程,簡單畫了個時序圖(如下),這里就不再用文字贅述了。

需要注意的是,由于端口映射只是單純的流量轉發,對應用層數據不進行處理,所以對于多通道協議是無法支持的(如FTP協議)。
3 代碼示例
按照上面的流程,Python實現如下(建議從后向前看):
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# tcp mapping created by hutaow(hutaow.com) at 2014-08-31import socketimport threading# 端口映射配置信息CFG_REMOTE_IP = '192.168.0.10'CFG_REMOTE_PORT = 22CFG_LOCAL_IP = '0.0.0.0'CFG_LOCAL_PORT = 10022# 接收數據緩存大小PKT_BUFF_SIZE = 2048# 調試日志封裝def send_log(content): print content return# 單向流數據傳遞def tcp_mapping_worker(conn_receiver, conn_sender): while True: try: data = conn_receiver.recv(PKT_BUFF_SIZE) except Exception: send_log('Event: Connection closed.') break if not data: send_log('Info: No more data is received.') break try: conn_sender.sendall(data) except Exception: send_log('Error: Failed sending data.') break # send_log('Info: Mapping data > %s ' % repr(data)) send_log('Info: Mapping > %s -> %s > %d bytes.' % (conn_receiver.getpeername(), conn_sender.getpeername(), len(data))) conn_receiver.close() conn_sender.close() return# 端口映射請求處理def tcp_mapping_request(local_conn, remote_ip, remote_port): remote_conn = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) try: remote_conn.connect((remote_ip, remote_port)) except Exception: local_conn.close() send_log('Error: Unable to connect to the remote server.') return threading.Thread(target=tcp_mapping_worker, args=(local_conn, remote_conn)).start() threading.Thread(target=tcp_mapping_worker, args=(remote_conn, local_conn)).start() return# 端口映射函數def tcp_mapping(remote_ip, remote_port, local_ip, local_port): local_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) local_server.bind((local_ip, local_port)) local_server.listen(5) send_log('Event: Starting mapping service on ' + local_ip + ':' + str(local_port) + ' ...') while True: try: (local_conn, local_addr) = local_server.accept() except KeyboardInterrupt, Exception: local_server.close() send_log('Event: Stop mapping service.') break threading.Thread(target=tcp_mapping_request, args=(local_conn, remote_ip, remote_port)).start() send_log('Event: Receive mapping request from %s:%d.' % local_addr) return# 主函數if __name__ == '__main__': tcp_mapping(CFG_REMOTE_IP, CFG_REMOTE_PORT, CFG_LOCAL_IP, CFG_LOCAL_PORT)4 運行
運行效果如下,192.168.0.20通過連接映射服務器的10022端口,成功訪問192.168.0.10的SSH服務(22端口):

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