random 模塊是Python自帶的模塊，除了生成最簡(jiǎn)單的隨機(jī)數(shù)以外，還有很多功能。
random.random()
用來(lái)生成一個(gè)0~1之間的隨機(jī)浮點(diǎn)數(shù)，范圍[0,10
>>> import random>>> random.random()0.5038461831828231
random.uniform(a,b)
返回a,b之間的隨機(jī)浮點(diǎn)數(shù)，范圍[a,b]或[a,b),取決于四舍五入，a不一定要比b小。
>>> random.uniform(50,100)76.81733455677832>>> random.uniform(100,50)52.98730193316595
random.randint(a,b)
返回a,b之間的整數(shù)，范圍[a,b]，注意：傳入?yún)?shù)必須是整數(shù)，a一定要比b小
>>> random.randint(50,100)54>>> random.randint(100,50) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module> random.randint(100,50) File "C:/Python27/lib/random.py", line 242, in randint return self.randrange(a, b+1) File "C:/Python27/lib/random.py", line 218, in randrange raise ValueError, "empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width)ValueError: empty range for randrange() (100,51, -49)>>> random.randint(50.5,100.6) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#7>", line 1, in <module> random.randint(50.5,100.6) File "C:/Python27/lib/random.py", line 242, in randint return self.randrange(a, b+1) File "C:/Python27/lib/random.py", line 187, in randrange raise ValueError, "non-integer arg 1 for randrange()"ValueError: non-integer arg 1 for randrange()
random.randrang([start], stop[, step])
返回有個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)的整數(shù)，可以設(shè)置step。只能傳入整數(shù)，random.randrange(10, 100, 2)，結(jié)果相當(dāng)于從[10, 12, 14, 16, … 96, 98]序列中獲取一個(gè)隨機(jī)數(shù)。
>>> random.randrange(100)58>>> random.randrange(10,100,2)54
random.choice(sequence)
從序列中隨機(jī)獲取一個(gè)元素，list, tuple, 字符串都屬于sequence。這里的sequence 需要是有序類(lèi)型。random.randrange(10,100,2)在結(jié)果上與 random.choice(range(10,100,2) 等效。
>>> random.choice(("stone","scissors","paper"))'stone'>>> random.choice(["stone","scissors","paper"])'scissors'>>> random.choice("Random")'m'random.shuffle(x[,random])
用于將列表中的元素打亂，俗稱(chēng)為洗牌。會(huì)修改原有序列。
>>> poker = ["A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"]>>> random.shuffle(poker)>>> poker['4', '10', '8', '3', 'J', '6', '2', '7', '9', 'Q', '5', 'K', 'A']
random.sample(sequence,k)
從指定序列中隨機(jī)獲取k個(gè)元素作為一個(gè)片段返回，sample函數(shù)不會(huì)修改原有序列。
>>> poker = ["A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"]>>> random.sample(poker,5)['4', '3', '10', '2', 'Q']
上述幾個(gè)方式是Python常用的一些方法，但是關(guān)于隨機(jī)數(shù)還有很多的故事。下回分解~
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