一、無法動態更新數據的實例
1. 如下,數據庫中創建了班級表和教師表,兩張表的對應關系為“多對多”
from django.db import modelsclass Classes(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32)class Teacher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) t2c = models.ManyToManyField(Classes)
2. views的功能有查看、添加、編輯班級或教師表
from django.shortcuts import render, redirectfrom school import modelsfrom django.forms import Form, fields, widgets#班級表單驗證規則class ClsForm(Form): title = fields.RegexField('老男孩', error_messages={'invalid': '請以 老男孩 開頭'})#教師表單驗證規則class TchForm(Form): name = fields.CharField(max_length=16, min_length=2, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) t2c = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title'), widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) )#查看班級列表def classes(request): cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all() return render(request, 'classes.html', {'cls_list': cls_list})#查看教師列表def teachers(request): tch_list = models.Teacher.objects.all() return render(request, 'teachers.html', {'tch_list': tch_list})#添加班級def add_cls(request): if request.method == 'GET': obj = ClsForm() return render(request, 'add_classes.html', {'obj': obj}) else: obj = ClsForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/school/classes/') return render(request, 'add_classes.html', {'obj': obj})#添加教師def add_tch(request): if request.method == 'GET': obj = TchForm() return render(request, 'add_teacher.html', {'obj': obj}) else: obj = TchForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): tc = obj.cleaned_data.pop('t2c') # 獲取教師任課班級id tch_obj = models.Teacher.objects.create(name=obj.cleaned_data['name']) # 添加新教師姓名 tch_obj.t2c.add(*tc) # 添加新教師任課班級 return redirect('/school/teachers/') return render(request, 'add_teacher.html', {'obj': obj})#編輯班級def edit_cls(request, nid): if request.method == 'GET': cls = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first() obj = ClsForm(initial={'title': cls.title}) return render(request, 'edit_classes.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj}) else: obj = ClsForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/school/classes/') return render(request, 'edit_classes.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj})#編輯教師def edit_tch(request, nid): if request.method == 'GET': tch = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first() v = tch.t2c.values_list('id') # 獲取該教師任課班級的id cls_ids = list(zip(*v))[0] if list(zip(*v)) else [] # 格式化為列表類型 obj = TchForm(initial={'name': tch.name, 't2c': cls_ids}) return render(request, 'edit_teacher.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj}) else: obj = TchForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): tc = obj.cleaned_data.pop('t2c') # 獲取修改后的任課班級id # models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).update(name=obj.cleaned_data['name']) # 更新教師姓名方法1 tch_obj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first() tch_obj.name = obj.cleaned_data['name'] # 更新教師姓名方法2 tch_obj.save() tch_obj.t2c.set(tc) return redirect('/school/teachers/') return render(request, 'edit_teacher.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj})3. html文件
classe:
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>班級列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ></head><body><div style="width: 700px; margin: 30px auto"> <a class="btn btn-default" href="/school/add_cls/" rel="external nofollow" style="margin-bottom: 10px">添加班級</a> <table class="table table-hover" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>班級</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for item in cls_list %} <tr> <td>{{ item.id }}</td> <td>{{ item.title }}</td> <td><a href="/school/edit_cls/{{ item.id }}" rel="external nofollow" >編輯</a></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table></div></body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加班級</title></head><body><h1>添加班級</h1><form action="/school/add_cls/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p> {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>編輯班級</title></head><body><h1>編輯班級</h1><form action="/school/edit_cls/{{ nid }}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p> {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body></html>teachers:
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>教師列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ></head><body><div style="width: 700px; margin: 30px auto"> <a class="btn btn-default" href="/school/add_tch/" rel="external nofollow" style="margin-bottom: 10px">添加教師</a> <table class="table table-hover" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>任教班級</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for item in tch_list %} <tr> <td>{{ item.id }}</td> <td>{{ item.name }}</td> <td> {% for row in item.t2c.all %} <span style="border: solid gray 1px">{{ row.title }}</span> {% endfor %} </td> <td><a href="/school/edit_tch/{{ item.id }}" rel="external nofollow" >編輯</a></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table></div></body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加教師</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ></head><body><div style="width: 500px; margin: 20px auto"><h3 style="width: 100px; margin: 10px auto">添加教師</h3> <form class="form-horizontal" action="/school/add_tch/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.name }} {{ obj.errors.name.0 }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班級</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.t2c }} {{ obj.errors.t2c.0 }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交"></input> </div> </div></form></div></body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>編輯教師</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ></head><body><div style="width: 500px; margin: 20px auto"><h3 style="width: 100px; margin: 10px auto">編輯教師</h3> <form class="form-horizontal" action="/school/edit_tch/{{ nid }}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.name }} {{ obj.errors.name.0 }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班級</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.t2c }} {{ obj.errors.t2c.0 }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交"></input> </div> </div></form></div></body></html>4. 數據不能同步
在班級表中新增一條記錄

在教師表中新添加一名教師,發現無法獲取上一步新增記錄

5. 原因分析
在添加教師時,請求方式為GET,html標簽由Form組件自動生成,其中的數據也是由Form組件提供

而TchForm作為一個類,在project運行起來后,其中的name和t2c字段都是類的變量,其只執行一次,就將數據保存在內存中,無論之后生成多少個TchForm對象,其中的字段的值都不變。
所以會出現教師表中的班級多選列表無法動態更新。

二、解決上述bug的方法
每次更新數據庫后重啟project,讓Form類重新初始化,能夠讓數據更新,但這顯然是不切實際的。
知道了bug的根源,我們可以嘗試讓每次生成TchForm對象時就更新數據:
方法一
1. 利用 __init__將數據庫操作放入對象變量中
修改TchForm類
#教師表單驗證規則class TchForm(Form): name = fields.CharField(max_length=16, min_length=2, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) t2c = fields.MultipleChoiceField( # choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title'), widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # 自定義__init__ super(TchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 調用父類的__init__ self.fields['t2c'].choices = models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title') # 為字段t2c的choices賦值2. 驗證
在班級表中新增一條記錄

再在教師表中添加

方法二
1. 利用django.forms.models模塊中的queryset連接數據庫
修改TchForm類
#教師表單驗證規則from django.forms import models as form_models # 導入django.forms.modelsclass TchForm(Form): name = fields.CharField(max_length=16, min_length=2, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) #重新定義字段 t2c = form_models.ModelMultipleChoiceField( # choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title'), queryset=models.Classes.objects.all(), # 利用queryset連接數據庫,只能連接object類型 widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) )2. 驗證
由于TchForm類中,queryset只能連接object類型,所以,需要設置models.py中的Classes類的返回值。
設置models.py中的Classes類的返回值
class Classes(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.title
在班級表中新增一條記錄

再在教師表中添加

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的使用Django Form解決表單數據無法動態刷新的兩種方法,希望對大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對武林網網站的支持!
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