詳解AngularJS中自定義指令的使用

2019-11-20 12:13:41

字體：大中小

來源：轉載

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自定義指令中使用AngularJS擴展HTML的功能。自定義指令使用的“指令”的功能定義。自定義指令只是替換了它被激活的元素。引導過程中AngularJS應用程序找到了匹配的元素，并做好使用自定義指令compile()方法一次活動再處理使用基于指令的范圍自定義指令link()方法的元素。 AngularJS提供支持，以下列元素的類型來創建自定義指令。

Element directives - 指令遇到時激活一個匹配的元素。
Attribute - - 指令遇到時激活一個匹配的屬性。
CSS - - 指令遇到時激活匹配CSS樣式。
Comment - - 指令遇到時激活匹配的注釋。

了解自定義指令

定義自定義的HTML標簽。

<student name="Mahesh"></student><br/><student name="Piyush"></student>

定義自定義指令來處理上面的自定義HTML標簽。

var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);//Create a directive, first parameter is the html element to be attached.  //We are attaching student html tag. //This directive will be activated as soon as any student element is encountered in htmlmainApp.directive('student', function() {  //define the directive object  var directive = {};  //restrict = E, signifies that directive is Element directive  directive.restrict = 'E';  //template replaces the complete element with its text.   directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";  //scope is used to distinguish each student element based on criteria.  directive.scope = {    student : "=name"  }  //compile is called during application initialization. AngularJS calls it once when html page is loaded.  directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {   element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");  //linkFunction is linked with each element with scope to get the element specific data.   var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {     element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");     element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");   }   return linkFunction;  }  return directive;});

定義控制器以更新范圍為指令。在這里，我們使用name屬性值作為子的作用域。

mainApp.controller('StudentController', function($scope) {   $scope.Mahesh = {};   $scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";   $scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;   $scope.Piyush = {};   $scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";   $scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;});

例子

<html><head>  <title>Angular JS Custom Directives</title></head><body>  <h2>AngularJS Sample Application</h2>  <div ng-app="mainApp" ng-controller="StudentController"> <student name="Mahesh"></student><br/> <student name="Piyush"></student>  </div>  <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.15/angular.min.js"></script>  <script>   var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);     mainApp.directive('student', function() {     var directive = {};     directive.restrict = 'E';     directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";          directive.scope = {      student : "=name"     }       directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {      element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");      var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {        element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");        element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");      }      return linkFunction;     }     return directive;   });     mainApp.controller('StudentController', function($scope) {      $scope.Mahesh = {};      $scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";      $scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;      $scope.Piyush = {};      $scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";      $scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;   });     </script></body></html>

結果

在Web瀏覽器中打開textAngularJS.html。看到結果如下：

2015617113318563.jpg (560×240)