AngularJS的表單驗證大致有兩種,一種是手動驗證,一種是自動驗證。
一、手動驗證
所謂手動驗證是通過AngularJS表單的屬性來驗證。而成為AngularJS表單必須滿足兩個條件:
1、給form元素加上novalidate="novalidate";
2、給form元素加上name="theForm",如下:
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/></head><body><nav > <div class="container">  <div class="navbar-header">   <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Submitting</a>  </div> </div></nav> <div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1"> <!--novalidate讓表單不要使用html驗證--> <!--theForm變成scope的一個字段--> <form ng-submit="onSubmit(theForm.$valid)" novalidate="novalidate" name="theForm">  <div class="form-group">   <label for="name">Name</label>   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name"/>  </div>   <div class="form-group" ng-class="{   'has-error': !theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted),   'has-success': theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)   }">   <label for="email">Email</label>   <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required" name="email"/>   <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.required && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">必填</p>   <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.email && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">email格式不正確</p>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="username">Username</label>   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" ng-model="formModel.username"/>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="age">Age</label>   <input type="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age"/>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="sex">Sex</label>   <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex">    <option value="">Please choose</option>    <option value="male">Mail</option>    <option value="femail">Femail</option>   </select>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="password">Password</label>   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password"/>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Register</button>  </div>    <pre>    {{theForm | json}}   </pre> </form></div><script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script><script src="second.js"></script></body></html>● 給form加上novalidate="novalidate"意味著表單將不再使用HTML5驗證特性
● 給form加上name="theForm"意味著表單的名稱是theForm。如何使用theForm,比如我們驗證表單是否被修改過theForm.$submitted
● 通過ng-submit提交表單
● formModel是$scope中的一個屬性
● 對表單的Email進行了手動驗證,使用了AngularJS表單的眾多屬性,比如theForm.email.$valid,theForm.$pristine,theForm.$submitted, theForm.email.$error.required,theForm.email.$error.email
● 通過<pre>{{theForm | json}}</pre>把AngularJS表單的所有屬性都打印出來
{ "$error": {  "required": [   {    "$validators": {},    "$asyncValidators": {},    "$parsers": [],    "$formatters": [     null    ],    "$viewChangeListeners": [],    "$untouched": true,    "$touched": false,    "$pristine": true,    "$dirty": false,    "$valid": false,    "$invalid": true,    "$error": {     "required": true    },    "$name": "email",    "$options": null   }  ] }, "$name": "theForm", "$dirty": false, "$pristine": true, "$valid": false, "$invalid": true, "$submitted": false, "email": {  "$validators": {},  "$asyncValidators": {},  "$parsers": [],  "$formatters": [   null  ],  "$viewChangeListeners": [],  "$untouched": true,  "$touched": false,  "$pristine": true,  "$dirty": false,  "$valid": false,  "$invalid": true,  "$error": {   "required": true  },  "$name": "email",  "$options": null }, "sex": {  "$validators": {},  "$asyncValidators": {},  "$parsers": [],  "$formatters": [],  "$viewChangeListeners": [],  "$untouched": true,  "$touched": false,  "$pristine": true,  "$dirty": false,  "$valid": true,  "$invalid": false,  "$error": {},  "$name": "sex",  "$options": null }}以上,凡是有name屬性的input都被顯示在上面。
在second.js文件中定義了module,controller以及提交表單的方法。
var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',[]); myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){  $scope.formModel = {};   $scope.onSubmit = function(){    $http.post('someurl',$scope.formModel)      .success(function(data){        console.log(':)');      })      .error(function(data){        console.log(':(');      });     console.log($scope.formModel);  };});以上的表單驗證方式好處是可控性強,但相對繁瑣。
二、自動驗證
AngularJS的另外一種表單驗證方式是自動驗證,即通過directive來實現,除了AngularJS自帶的directive,還需要用到angular-auto-validate這個第三方module。
有關angular-auto-validate:
● 安裝:npm i angular-auto-validate
● 引用:<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
● module依賴:var myApp = angular.module("app", ["jcs-autoValidate"]);
為了實現錯誤信息本地化,還需要angular-localize這個第三方module:
● 安裝:npm install angular-localize --save
● module依賴:var myApp = angular.module("app", ["localize"]);
● 引用:
<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script><script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>
此外,當點擊提交表單按鈕,需要禁用按鈕并顯示一種等待效果,需要用到angular-ladda這個第三方module:
● 安裝:bower install angular-ladda --save
● module依賴:var myApp = angular.module("app", ["angular-ladda"]);
● 引用:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/><script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script><script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script><script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>
頁面如下:
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1"><head> <meta charset="gb2312"> <title></title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/></head><body><nav > <div class="container">  <div class="navbar-header">   <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Validating Auto</a>  </div> </div></nav> <div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1"> <!--novalidate讓表單不要使用html驗證--> <!--theForm變成scope的一個字段--> <form ng-submit="onSubmit()" novalidate="novalidate">  <div class="form-group">   <label for="name" class="control-label">Name</label>   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name" required="required"/>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="email" class="control-label">Email</label>   <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required"/>   </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="username" class="control-label">Username</label>   <input type="text"       class="form-control"       id="username"       ng-model="formModel.username"       required="required"       ng-pattern="/^[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,32}$/"       ng-minlength="7"       ng-pattern-err-type="badUsername"    />  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>   <input type="number"       class="form-control"       id="age"       ng-model="formModel.age"       required="required"       min="18"       max="65"       ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"       ng-max-err-type="tooOld"    />  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="sex" class="control-label">Sex</label>   <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex" required="required">    <option value="">Please choose</option>    <option value="male">Mail</option>    <option value="femail">Femail</option>   </select>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <label for="password" class="control-label">Password</label>   <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password" required="required" ng-minlength="6"/>  </div>   <div class="form-group">   <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->   <button class="btn btn-primary"       ladda = "submitting"       data-style="expand-right"       type="submit">    <span ng-show="submitting">正在注冊...</span>    <span ng-show="!submitting">注冊</span>   </button>  </div>    <pre>    {{formModel | json}}   </pre> </form></div><script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script> <script src="form_validation_auto.js"></script><script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script><script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script><script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script> <script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script><script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script><script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script> </body></html>以上,先看提交按鈕:
<div > <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>--> <button class="btn btn-primary" ladda = "submitting" data-style="expand-right" type="submit"> <span ng-show="submitting">正在注冊...</span> <span ng-show="!submitting">注冊</span> </button></div>
● ladda屬性值為bool值,true表示顯示動態等待效果,false不顯示動態等待效果,這里的submitting是scope中的一個屬性
● data-style="expand-right"表示在按鈕的右側顯示動態等待效果
再拿表單中的Age字段來說:
<div > <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label> <input type="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age" required="required" min="18" max="65" ng-min-err-type="tooYoung" ng-max-err-type="tooOld" /></div>
其中,min, max為AgularJS的directive,而ng-min-err-type是angular-auto-validate的directive。這里遵循的慣例是ng-AngularJS表單驗證的directive名稱-err-type,而tooYoung和tooOld的作用是什么,又是在哪里用上了呢?
是在module層面用上了,定義在了form_validation_auto.js文件中。
var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',['jcs-autoValidate','localize','angular-ladda']); myApp1.run(function(defaultErrorMessageResolver){  defaultErrorMessageResolver.getErrorMessages().then(function(errorMessages){    errorMessages['tooYoung'] = '年齡必須小于{0}';    errorMessages['tooOld'] = '年齡不能大于{0}';    errorMessages['badUsername'] = '用戶名只能包含數字、字母或下劃線';  });}); myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){  $scope.formModel = {};  $scope.submitting = false;   $scope.onSubmit = function(){     $scope.submitting = true;    console.log('已提交');    console.log($scope.formModel);     $http.post('url',$scope.formModel)      .success(function(data){        console.log(':)');        $scope.submitting = false;      })      .error(function(data){        console.log(':(');        $scope.submitting = false;      });  };});以上,在run方法中使用angular-auto-validate的defaultErrorMessageResolver服務,對錯誤信息進行為了自定義。頁面上的tooYoung和tooOld和這里的errorMessages['tooYoung']和errorMessages['badUsername']對應。
本文的全部內容就為大家介紹到這里,希望對大家學習AngularJS實現表單驗證有所幫助。
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