bootstrap的常用組件和柵格式布局詳解

2019-11-19 16:41:02

字體：大中小

供稿：網(wǎng)友

Bootstrap 是最受歡迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架，用于開發(fā)響應(yīng)式布局、移動(dòng)設(shè)備優(yōu)先的 WEB 項(xiàng)目。

因?yàn)锽ootstrap需要jquery的支持，所以在使用Bootstrap之前要先把jquery插件導(dǎo)入，并且要把bootstrap.js文件放在jquery.js之后改動(dòng)方可生效。

Bootstrap中有許多好用的組件，只要以規(guī)定的class等命名就可以輕松使用這些插件。例如：

導(dǎo)航條：

<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->  <div class="navbar-header">   <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">    <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>    <span class="icon-bar"></span>    <span class="icon-bar"></span>    <span class="icon-bar"></span>   </button>   <a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Brand</a>  </div>  <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">   <ul class="nav navbar-nav">    <li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>    <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>    <li class="dropdown">     <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>     <ul class="dropdown-menu">      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Action</a></li>      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Another action</a></li>      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Something else here</a></li>      <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Separated link</a></li>      <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >One more separated link</a></li>     </ul>    </li>   </ul>   <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">    <div class="form-group">     <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">    </div>    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>   </form>   <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">    <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>    <li class="dropdown">     <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>     <ul class="dropdown-menu">      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Action</a></li>      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Another action</a></li>      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Something else here</a></li>      <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Separated link</a></li>     </ul>    </li>   </ul>  </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --></nav>

以上述的格式寫出需要的代碼就可以獲得以下樣式的導(dǎo)航條：

注：在上述代碼中form表單即serch和submit部位，帶有class="dropdown"的就是下拉菜單的區(qū)域，class="dropdown-menu"的就是下拉菜單的內(nèi)容區(qū)，這些部分并非主要內(nèi)容，可以刪除。通過class="navbar-right/left/"可以設(shè)置該部位的導(dǎo)航條在總區(qū)域的左側(cè)還是右側(cè)。

柵格系統(tǒng)：

柵格系統(tǒng)是bootstrap中最為重要的部分，它通過

<div class="row"> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div> <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div> <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div> <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div> <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div> <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div></div>

這樣的形式來實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)頁布局，只要調(diào)節(jié)class="col-md-6"就可以輕松改變單元格區(qū)域的排布，

如圖：