大家好,由于公司忙著趕項目,導致有段時間沒有發布新文章了。今天我想跟大家談談Cookie的使用。同樣,這個Cookie的使用方法是我從公司的項目中抽出來的,為了能讓大家看懂,我會盡量寫詳細點。廢話少說,我們直接進入正題。
一、安裝Cookie
在Vue2.0下,這個貌似已經不需要安裝了。因為當你創建一個項目的時候,npm install 已經為我們安裝好了。我的安裝方式如下:
# 全局安裝 vue-cli$ npm install --global vue-cli# 創建一個基于 webpack 模板的新項目$ vue init webpack my-project# 安裝依賴,走你$ cd my-project$ npm install
這是我創建好的目錄結構,大家可以看一下:

項目結構
二、封裝Cookie方法
在util文件夾下,我們創建util.js文件,然后上代碼
//獲取cookie、export function getCookie(name) { var arr, reg = new RegExp("(^| )" + name + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"); if (arr = document.cookie.match(reg))  return (arr[2]); else  return null;}//設置cookie,增加到vue實例方便全局調用export function setCookie (c_name, value, expiredays) { var exdate = new Date(); exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate() + expiredays); document.cookie = c_name + "=" + escape(value) + ((expiredays == null) ? "" : ";expires=" + exdate.toGMTString());};//刪除cookieexport function delCookie (name) { var exp = new Date(); exp.setTime(exp.getTime() - 1); var cval = getCookie(name); if (cval != null)  document.cookie = name + "=" + cval + ";expires=" + exp.toGMTString();};三、在HTTP中把Cookie傳到后臺
關于這點,我需要說明一下,我們這里使用的是axios進行HTTP傳輸數據,為了更好的使用axios,我們在util文件夾下創建http.js文件,然后封裝GET,POST等方法,代碼如下:
import axios from 'axios' //引用axiosimport {getCookie} from './util' //引用剛才我們創建的util.js文件,并使用getCookie方法// axios 配置axios.defaults.timeout = 5000; axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost/pjm-shield-api/public/v1/'; //這是調用數據接口// http request 攔截器,通過這個,我們就可以把Cookie傳到后臺axios.interceptors.request.use(  config => {    const token = getCookie('session'); //獲取Cookie    config.data = JSON.stringify(config.data);    config.headers = {      'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' //設置跨域頭部    };    if (token) {      config.params = {'token': token} //后臺接收的參數,后面我們將說明后臺如何接收    }    return config;  },  err => {    return Promise.reject(err);  });// http response 攔截器axios.interceptors.response.use(  response => {//response.data.errCode是我接口返回的值,如果值為2,說明Cookie丟失,然后跳轉到登錄頁,這里根據大家自己的情況來設定    if(response.data.errCode == 2) {      router.push({        path: '/login',        query: {redirect: router.currentRoute.fullPath} //從哪個頁面跳轉      })    }    return response;  },  error => {    return Promise.reject(error.response.data)  });export default axios;/** * fetch 請求方法 * @param url * @param params * @returns {Promise} */export function fetch(url, params = {}) {  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {    axios.get(url, {      params: params    })    .then(response => {      resolve(response.data);    })    .catch(err => {      reject(err)    })  })}/** * post 請求方法 * @param url * @param data * @returns {Promise} */export function post(url, data = {}) {  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {    axios.post(url, data)      .then(response => {        resolve(response.data);      }, err => {        reject(err);      })  })}/** * patch 方法封裝 * @param url * @param data * @returns {Promise} */export function patch(url, data = {}) {  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {    axios.patch(url, data)      .then(response => {        resolve(response.data);      }, err => {        reject(err);      })  })}/** * put 方法封裝 * @param url * @param data * @returns {Promise} */export function put(url, data = {}) {  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {    axios.put(url, data)      .then(response => {        resolve(response.data);      }, err => {        reject(err);      })  })}四、在登錄組件使用Cookie
由于登錄組件我用的是Element-ui布局,對應不熟悉Element-ui的朋友們,可以去惡補一下。后面我們將講解如何使用它進行布局。登錄組件的代碼如下:
<template> <el-form ref="AccountFrom" :model="account" :rules="rules" label-position="left" label-width="0px"      class="demo-ruleForm login-container">  <h3 class="title">后臺管理系統</h3>  <el-form-item prop="u_telephone">   <el-input type="text" v-model="account.u_telephone" auto-complete="off" placeholder="請輸入賬號"></el-input>  </el-form-item>  <el-form-item prod="u_password">   <el-input type="password" v-model="account.u_password" auto-complete="off" placeholder="請輸入密碼"></el-input>  </el-form-item>  <el-form-item style="width:100%;">   <el-button type="primary" style="width:100%" @click="handleLogin" :loading="logining">登錄</el-button>  </el-form-item> </el-form></template><script> export default {  data() {   return {    logining: false,    account: {     u_telephone:'',     u_password:''    },    //表單驗證規則    rules: {     u_telephone: [      {required: true, message:'請輸入賬號',trigger: 'blur'}     ],     u_password: [      {required: true,message:'請輸入密碼',trigger: 'blur'}     ]    }   }  },  mounted() {   //初始化  },  methods: {   handleLogin() {    this.$refs.AccountFrom.validate((valid) => {     if(valid) {      this.logining = true;//其中 'm/login' 為調用的接口,this.account為參數      this.$post('m/login',this.account).then(res => {       this.logining = false;       if(res.errCode !== 200) {        this.$message({         message: res.errMsg,         type:'error'        });       } else {        let expireDays = 1000 * 60 * 60 ;        this.setCookie('session',res.errData.token,expireDays); //設置Session        this.setCookie('u_uuid',res.errData.u_uuid,expireDays); //設置用戶編號        if(this.$route.query.redirect) {         this.$router.push(this.$route.query.redirect);        } else {         this.$router.push('/home'); //跳轉用戶中心頁        }       }      });     } else {      console.log('error submit');      return false;     }    });   }  } }</script>五、在路由中驗證token存不存在,不存在的話會到登錄頁
在 router--index.js中設置路由,代碼如下:
import Vue from 'vue'import Router from 'vue-router'import {post,fetch,patch,put} from '@/util/http'import {delCookie,getCookie} from '@/util/util'import Index from '@/views/index/Index' //首頁import Home from '@/views/index/Home' //主頁import right from '@/components/UserRight' //右側import userlist from '@/views/user/UserList' //用戶列表import usercert from '@/views/user/Certification' //用戶審核import userlook from '@/views/user/UserLook' //用戶查看import usercertlook from '@/views/user/UserCertLook' //用戶審核查看import sellbill from '@/views/ticket/SellBill' import buybill from '@/views/ticket/BuyBill'import changebill from '@/views/ticket/ChangeBill' import billlist from '@/views/bill/list' import billinfo from '@/views/bill/info' import addbill from '@/views/bill/add' import editsellbill from '@/views/ticket/EditSellBill' import ticketstatus from '@/views/ticket/TicketStatus' import addticket from '@/views/ticket/AddTicket' import userinfo from '@/views/user/UserInfo' //個人信息import editpwd from '@/views/user/EditPwd' //修改密碼Vue.use(Router);const routes = [ {  path: '/',  name:'登錄',  component:Index }, {  path: '/',  name: 'home',  component: Home,  redirect: '/home',  leaf: true, //只有一個節點  menuShow: true,  iconCls: 'iconfont icon-home', //圖標樣式  children: [   {path:'/home', component: right, name: '首頁', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}  ] }, {  path: '/',  component: Home,  name: '用戶管理',  menuShow: true,  iconCls: 'iconfont icon-users',  children: [   {path: '/userlist', component: userlist, name: '用戶列表',  menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/usercert', component: usercert, name: '用戶認證審核', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/userlook', component: userlook, name: '查看用戶信息', menuShow: false,meta:{requireAuth: true}},   {path: '/usercertlook', component: usercertlook, name: '用戶審核信息', menuShow: false,meta:{requireAuth: true}},  ] }, {  path: '/',  component: Home,  name: '信息管理',  menuShow: true,  iconCls: 'iconfont icon-books',  children: [   {path: '/sellbill',  component: sellbill,  name: '賣票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/buybill',  component: buybill,  name: '買票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/changebill', component: changebill, name: '換票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/bill/editsellbill', component: editsellbill, name: '編輯賣票信息', menuShow: false, meta:{requireAuth: true}}  ] }, {  path: '/bill',  component: Home,  name: '票據管理',  menuShow: true,  iconCls: 'iconfont icon-books',  children: [   {path: '/bill/list',  component: billlist,  name: '已開票據列表', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/bill/info',  component: billinfo,  name: '票據詳細頁', menuShow: false, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/bill/add',  component: addbill,  name: '新建開票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}  ] }, {  path: '/',  component: Home,  name: '系統設置',  menuShow: true,  iconCls: 'iconfont icon-setting1',  children: [   {path: '/userinfo', component: userinfo, name: '個人信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }},   {path: '/editpwd', component: editpwd, name: '修改密碼', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}  ] } ];const router = new Router({  routes});備注:請注意路由中的 meta:{requireAuth: true },這個配置,主要為下面的驗證做服務。
if(to.meta.requireAuth),這段代碼意思就是說,如果requireAuth: true ,那就判斷用戶是否存在。
如果存在,就繼續執行下面的操作,如果不存在,就刪除客戶端的Cookie,同時頁面跳轉到登錄頁,代碼如下。
//這個是請求頁面路由的時候會驗證token存不存在,不存在的話會到登錄頁router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => { if(to.meta.requireAuth) {  fetch('m/is/login').then(res => {   if(res.errCode == 200) {    next();   } else {    if(getCookie('session')) {     delCookie('session');    }    if(getCookie('u_uuid')) {     delCookie('u_uuid');    }    next({     path: '/'    });   }  }); } else {  next(); }});export default router;
以上就是Cookie在項目中的使用,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持武林網。
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