研究心得------->CPU信息的獲得，比較全面的。

2019-11-18 18:34:23

字體：大中小

來源：轉載

供稿：網友

最近到整理了一份CPU的信息，應該算是比較全面的吧。
幾乎現在所有的X86 CPU都內置了CPUID指令以辨別真偽，一些CPU廠商例如AMD，VIA等還內置了更加豐富的擴展CPUID指令，用著更方便了。
下面我們利用Delphi來實現一個CPU檢測的軟件。
CPUID的調用方式如下：
asm
push eax
push ebx
push ecx
push edx
mov eax,X
//******************************************************
//cpuid指令，因為Delphi的匯編編譯器沒有內置該指令，
//所以用該指令的機器語言代碼$0F,$A2來實現
//******************************************************
db $0F,$A2
pop edx
pop ecx
pop ebx
pop eax
end;
CPUID指令的參數就是EAX，mov eax,X這一句就是把X賦給EAX 。
返回的參數存儲在EAX，EBX，ECX，EDX之中。
我們可以寫一個函數:
type
TCPUIDResult = record
EAX: DWord;
EBX: DWord;
ECX: DWord;
EDX: DWord;
end;
……
function CPUID(EAX:DWord): TCPUIDResult;
asm
push eax
push ebx
push ecx
push edx
mov eax,EAX
//******************************************************
//cpuid指令，因為Delphi的匯編編譯器沒有內置該指令，
//所以用該指令的機器語言代碼$0F,$A2來實現
//******************************************************
db $0F,$A2
mov Result.EAX,EAX
mov Result.EBX,EBX
mov Result.ECX,ECX
mov Result.EDX,EDX
pop edx
pop ecx
pop ebx
pop eax
end;

CPUID參數及返回值列表：
EAX= 0000_0000h
輸入 EAX=0000_0000h 得到CPUID指令所支持的最大值和廠家的名稱字符串
輸出 EAX=xxxx_xxxxh 得到CPUID指令所支持的最大值 #1
EBX-EDX-ECX 廠家的名稱字符串 #2
GenuineIntel Intel 處理器
UMC UMC UMC UMC 處理器
AuthenticAMD AMD 處理器
CyrixInstead Cyrix 處理器
NexGenDriven NexGen 處理器
CentaurHauls Centaur 處理器
RiseRiseRise Rise Technology 處理器
GenuineTMx86 Transmeta 處理器
Geode by NSC National Semiconductor 處理器
說明描述
#1 PRe-B0 step Intel P5 處理器返回 EAX=0000_05xxh.
#2 pre-B0 step Intel P5 處理器不能返回廠商字符串
EAX= 0000_0001h
輸入 EAX=0000_0001h 得到處理器 type/family/model/stepping和面貌標識
輸出 EAX=xxxx_xxxxh 處理器 type/family/model/stepping
extended family extended family 是 bits 27..20.
00h Intel P4
01h Intel Itanium 2 (IA-64)
extended model extended model 是 bits 19..16.
type type是 bit 13 和 bit 12.
11b 保留
10b 第二塊處理器
01b Overdrive 處理器
00b 第一處理器
family family是bits 11..8.
4 most 80486s
AMD 5x86
Cyrix 5x86
5 Intel P5, P54C, P55C, P24T
NexGen Nx586
Cyrix M1
AMD K5, K6
Centaur C6, C2, C3
Rise mP6
Transmeta Crusoe TM3x00 and TM5x00
6 Intel P6, P2, P3
AMD K7
Cyrix M2, VIA Cyrix III
7 Intel Itanium (IA-64)
F 如果是這個值的話就看extended family
model model 是 bits 7..4.
Intel F 如果是這個值的話就看 extended model
Intel 80486 0 i80486DX-25/33
1 i80486DX-50
2 i80486SX
3 i80486DX2
4 i80486SL
5 i80486SX2
7 i80486DX2WB
8 i80486DX4
9 i80486DX4WB
UMC 80486 1 U5D
2 U5S
AMD 80486 3 80486DX2
7 80486DX2WB
8 80486DX4
9 80486DX4WB
E 5x86
F 5x86WB
Cyrix 5x86 9 5x86
Cyrix MediaGX 4 GX, GXm
Intel P5-core 0 P5 A-step
1 P5
2 P54C
3 P24T Overdrive
4 P55C
7 P54C
8 P55C (0.25μm)
NexGen Nx586 0 Nx586 or Nx586FPU (only later ones)
Cyrix M1 2 6x86
Cyrix M2 0 6x86MX
VIA Cyrix III 5 Cyrix M2 core
6 WinChip C5A core
7 WinChip C5B core (if stepping = 0..7)
7 WinChip C5C core (if stepping = 8..F)
8 WinChip C5C-T core (if stepping = 0..7)
AMD K5 0 SSA5 (PR75, PR90, PR100)
1 5k86 (PR120, PR133)
2 5k86 (PR166)
3 5k86 (PR200)
AMD K6 6 K6 (0.30 μm)
7 K6 (0.25 μm)
8 K6-2
9 K6-III
D K6-2+ or K6-III+ (0.18 μm)
Centaur 4 C6
8 C2
9 C3
Rise 0 mP6 (0.25 μm)
2 mP6 (0.18 μm)
Transmeta 4 Crusoe TM3x00 and TM5x00
Intel P6-core 0 P6 A-step
1 P6
3 P2 (0.28 μm)
5 P2 (0.25 μm)
6 P2 with on-die L2 cache
7 P3 (0.25 μm)
8 P3 (0.18 μm)
with 256 KB on-die L2 cache
A P3 (0.18 μm)
with 1 or 2 MB on-die L2 cache
B P3 (0.13 μm)
with 256 or 512 KB on-die L2 cache
AMD K7 1 Athlon (0.25 μm)
2 Athlon (0.18 μm)
3 Duron (SF core)
4 Athlon (TB core)
6 Athlon (PM core)
7 Duron (MG core)
8 Athlon (TH core)
A Athlon (Barton core)
Intel P4-core 0 P4 (0.18 μm)
1 P4 (0.18 μm)
2 P4 (0.13 μm)
3 P4 (0.09 μm)
stepping stepping 在 bits 3..0.
Stepping描述的是處理器的細節.
EBX=aall_ccbbh brand ID brand ID是 7..0.
00h 不支持
01h 0.18 μm Intel Celeron
02h 0.18 μm Intel Pentium III
03h 0.18 μm Intel Pentium III Xeon
03h 0.13 μm Intel Celeron
04h 0.13 μm Intel Pentium III
07h 0.13 μm Intel Celeron mobile
06h 0.13 μm Intel Pentium III mobile
0Ah 0.18 μm Intel Celeron 4
08h 0.18 μm Intel Pentium 4
09h 0.13 μm Intel Pentium 4
0Eh 0.18 μm Intel Pentium 4 Xeon
0Bh 0.18 μm Intel Pentium 4 Xeon MP
0Bh 0.13 μm Intel Pentium 4 Xeon
0Ch 0.13 μm Intel Pentium 4 Xeon MP
08h 0.13 μm Intel Celeron 4 mobile
0Eh 0.13 μm Intel Pentium 4 mobile (production)
0Fh 0.13 μm Intel Pentium 4 mobile (samples)
CLFLUSH CLFLUSH (8-byte)在 bits 15..8.
CPU count 邏輯處理器數量 bits 23..16.
APIC ID 默認（固定的）APIC ID是bits 31..24.
ECX=xxxx_xxxxh feature flags 描述
bits 31...11 保留
bit 10 (CID) context ID: L1數據緩存能被設置成適應或共享模式
bit 9 保留
bit 8 (TM2) 熱量監控 2
bit 7 保留
bit 6 保留
bit 5 保留
bit 4 (DSCPL) CPL-qualified Debug Store
bit 3 (MON) 監控器
bit 2 保留
bit 1 保留
bit 0 (SSE3) SSE3, MXCSR, CR4.OSXMMEXCPT, #XF, 如果FPU=1也支持 FISTTP
EDX=xxxx_xxxxh 面貌標志說明
bit 31 (PBE) Pending Break Event, STPCLK, FERR#, MISC_ENABLE MSR
bit 30 (IA-64) IA-64
bit 29 (TM) THERM_INTERRUPT, THERM_STATUS, and MISC_ENABLE MSRsxAPIC thermal LVT entry
bit 28 (HTT) Hyper-Threading Technology
bit 27 (SS) selfsnoop
bit 26 (SSE2) SSE2, MXCSR, CR4.OSXMMEXCPT, #XF
bit 25 (SSE) SSE, MXCSR, CR4.OSXMMEXCPT, #XF
bit 24 (FXSR) FXSAVE/FXRSTOR, CR4.OSFXSR
bit 23 (MMX) MMX
bit 22 (ACPI) THERM_CONTROL MSR
bit 21 (DTES) Debug Trace and EMON Store MSRs
bit 20 保留
bit 19 (CLFL) CLFLUSH
bit 18 (PSN) PSN (see standard EAX＝l 0000_0003h), PSN_DISABLE MSR #1
bit 17 (PSE36) 4 MB PDE bits 16..13, CR4.PSE
bit 16 (PAT) PAT MSR, PDE/PTE.PAT
bit 15 (CMOV) CMOVcc, if FPU=1 then also FCMOVcc/F(U)COMI(P)
bit 14 (MCA) MCG_*/MCn_* MSRs, CR4.MCE, #MC
bit 13 (PGE) PDE/PTE.G, CR4.PGE
bit 12 (MTRR) MTRR* MSRs
bit 11 (SEP) SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SEP_* MSRs#2
bit 10 保留
bit 9 (APIC) APIC #3, #4
bit 8 (CX8) CMPXCHG8B #5
bit 7 (MCE) MCAR/MCTR MSRs, CR4.MCE, #MC
bit 6 (PAE) 64bit PDPTE/PDE/PTEs, CR4.PAE
bit 5 (MSR) MSRs, RDMSR/WRMSR
bit 4 (TSC) TSC, RDTSC, CR4.TSD (doesn't imply MSR=1)
bit 3 (PSE) PDE.PS, PDE/PTE.res, CR4.PSE, #PF(1xxxb)
bit 2 (DE) CR4.DE, DR7.RW=10b, #UD on MOV from/to DR4/5
bit 1 (VME) CR4.VME/PVI, EFLAGS.VIP/VIF, TSS32.IRB
bit 0 (FPU) FPU
說明說明
#1 如果PSN無效PSN 面貌標志就是0.
#2 盡管Intel P6 處理器不支持 SEP,在這里仍然會虛報（真不知Intel是怎么想的）.
#3 APIC無效那么APIC面貌標志就是0.
#4 早期AMD K5 處理器 (SSA5)會假報支持 PGE.
#5 處理器確實支持 CMPXCHG8B但默認卻是報告不支持. 其實這是Windows NT的一個Bug.
EAX= 0000_0002h

輸入 EAX=0000_0002h 得到處理器配置描述
輸出 EAX.15..8
EAX.23..16
EAX.31..24
EBX.0..7
EBX.15..8
EBX.23..16
EBX.31..24
ECX.0..7
ECX.15..8
ECX.23..16
ECX.31..24
EDX.0..7
EDX.15..8
EDX.23..16
EDX.31..24 配置描述
值說明
00h null descriptor (=unused descriptor)
01h code TLB, 4K pages, 4 ways, 32 entries
02h code TLB, 4M pages, fully, 2 entries
03h data TLB, 4K pages, 4 ways, 64 entries
04h data TLB, 4M pages, 4 ways, 8 entries
06h code L1 cache, 8 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
08h code L1 cache, 16 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
0Ah data L1 cache, 8 KB, 2 ways, 32 byte lines
0Ch data L1 cache, 16 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
10h data L1 cache, 16 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines (IA-64)
15h code L1 cache, 16 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines (IA-64)
1Ah code and data L2 cache, 96 KB, 6 ways, 64 byte lines (IA-64)
22h code and data L3 cache, 512 KB, 4 ways (!), 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
23h code and data L3 cache, 1024 KB, 8 ways, 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
25h code and data L3 cache, 2048 KB, 8 ways, 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
29h code and data L3 cache, 4096 KB, 8 ways, 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
39h code and data L2 cache, 128 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines, sectored
3Bh code and data L2 cache, 128 KB, 2 ways, 64 byte lines, sectored
3Ch code and data L2 cache, 256 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines, sectored
40h no integrated L2 cache (P6 core) or L3 cache (P4 core)
41h code and data L2 cache, 128 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
42h code and data L2 cache, 256 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
43h code and data L2 cache, 512 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
44h code and data L2 cache, 1024 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
45h code and data L2 cache, 2048 KB, 4 ways, 32 byte lines
50h code TLB, 4K/4M/2M pages, fully, 64 entries
51h code TLB, 4K/4M/2M pages, fully, 128 entries
52h code TLB, 4K/4M/2M pages, fully, 256 entries
5Bh data TLB, 4K/4M pages, fully, 64 entries
5Ch data TLB, 4K/4M pages, fully, 128 entries
5Dh data TLB, 4K/4M pages, fully, 256 entries
66h data L1 cache, 8 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines, sectored
67h data L1 cache, 16 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines, sectored
68h data L1 cache, 32 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines, sectored
70h trace L1 cache, 12 KμOPs, 8 ways
71h trace L1 cache, 16 KμOPs, 8 ways
72h trace L1 cache, 32 KμOPs, 8 ways
77h code L1 cache, 16 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines, sectored (IA-64)
79h code and data L2 cache, 128 KB, 8 ways, 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
7Ah code and data L2 cache, 256 KB, 8 ways, 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
7Bh code and data L2 cache, 512 KB, 8 ways, 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
7Ch code and data L2 cache, 1024 KB, 8 ways, 64 byte lines, dual-sectored
7Eh code and data L2 cache, 256 KB, 8 ways, 128 byte lines, sect. (IA-64)
81h code and data L2 cache, 128 KB, 8 ways, 32 byte lines
82h code and data L2 cache, 256 KB, 8 ways, 32 byte lines
83h code and data L2 cache, 512 KB, 8 ways, 32 byte lines
84h code and data L2 cache, 1024 KB, 8 ways, 32 byte lines
85h code and data L2 cache, 2048 KB, 8 ways, 32 byte lines
88h code and data L3 cache, 2048 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines (IA-64)
89h code and data L3 cache, 4096 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines (IA-64)
8Ah code and data L3 cache, 8192 KB, 4 ways, 64 byte lines (IA-64)
8Dh code and data L3 cache, 3096 KB, 12 ways, 128 byte lines (IA-64)
90h code TLB, 4K...256M pages, fully, 64 entries (IA-64)
96h data L1 TLB, 4K...256M pages, fully, 32 entries (IA-64)
9Bh data L2 TLB, 4K...256M pages, fully, 96 entries (IA-64)
值描述
70h Cyrix specific: code and data TLB, 4K pages, 4 ways, 32 entries
74h Cyrix specific: ???
77h Cyrix specific: ???
80h Cyrix specific: code and data L1 cache, 16 KB, 4 ways, 16 byte lines
82h Cyrix specific: ???
84h Cyrix specific: ???
值描述
others 保留
舉個例子有一塊 P6 EAX=0302_0101h
EBX=0000_0000h
ECX=0000_0000h
EDX=0604_0A43h 這塊P6處理器包含4K/M code/data TLB,8+8 KB code/data L1 cache 和混合 512 KB code/data L2 cache.
說明說明
#1 在多處理器系統中要特別注意，應該執行.
EAX=0000_0003h
輸入 EAX=0000_0003h 得到處理器序列號 #1
輸出 EBX=xxxx_xxxxh 處理器序列號(只只是Transmeta Crusoe)
ECX=xxxx_xxxxh 處理器序列號
EDX=xxxx_xxxxh 處理器序列號
說明說明
#1 僅當PSN有效時.
EAX＝ 8000_0000h
輸入 EAX=8000_0000h 得到擴展CPUID指令所支持的最大值和廠家的名稱字符串
輸出 EAX=xxxx_xxxxh 最大值
EBX-EDX-ECX 廠家的名稱字符串
AuthenticAMD AMD
保留 Cyrix
保留 Centaur
保留 Intel
TransmetaCPU Transmeta
保留 National Semiconductor
extended EAX＝ 8000_0001h
輸入 EAX=8000_0001h 得到處理器 family/model/stepping and features flags #0
輸出 EAX=0000_0xxxh 處理器 family/model/stepping
family Family是 bits 11..8.
5 AMD K5
Centaur C2
Transmeta Crusoe TM3x00 and TM5x00
6 AMD K6
VIA Cyrix III
7 AMD K7
model model 是bits 7..4.
AMD K5 1 5k86 (PR120 or PR133)
2 5k86 (PR166)
3 5k86 (PR200)
AMD K6 6 K6 (0.30 μm)
7 K6 (0.25 μm)
8 K6-2
9 K6-III
D K6-2+ or K6-III+ (0.18 μm)
AMD K7 1 Athlon (0.25 μm)
2 Athlon (0.18 μm)
3 Duron (SF core)
4 Athlon (TB core)
6 Athlon (PM core)
7 Duron (MG core)
8 Athlon (TH core)
A Athlon (Barton core)
Centaur 8 C2
9 C3
VIA Cyrix III 5 Cyrix M2 core
6 WinChip C5A core
7 WinChip C5B core (if stepping = 0..7)
7 WinChip C5C core (if stepping = 8..F)
8 WinChip C5C-T core (if stepping = 0..7)
Transmeta 4 Crusoe TM3x00 and TM5x00
stepping stepping是bits 3..0.
Stepping的值是處理器的細節.
EDX=xxxx_xxxxh feature flags description of indicated feature
bit 31 (3DNow!) 3DNow!
bit 30 (3DNow!+) extended 3DNow!
bit 29 (LM) AA-64, Long Mode（也就是AMD的X86-64指令集）
bit 28 保留
bits 27..25 保留
bit 24 (MMX+)
bit 24 (FXSR) Cyrix specific: extended MMX
AMD K7: FXSAVE/FXRSTOR, CR4.OSFXSR
bit 23 (MMX) MMX
bit 22 (MMX+) AMD specific: MMX-SSE and SSE-MEM
bit 21 保留
bit 20 (NX) EFER.NXE, P?E.NX, #PF(1xxxx)
bit 19 (MP) MP-capable #3
bit 18 保留
bit 17 (PSE36) 4 MB PDE bits 16..13, CR4.PSE
bit 16 (FCMOV)
bit 16 (PAT) FCMOVcc/F(U)COMI(P) (implies FPU=1)
AMD K7: PAT MSR, PDE/PTE.PAT
bit 15 (CMOV) CMOVcc
bit 14 (MCA) MCG_*/MCn_* MSRs, CR4.MCE, #MC
bit 13 (PGE) PDE/PTE.G, CR4.PGE
bit 12 (MTRR) MTRR* MSRs
bit 11 (SEP) SYSCALL/SYSRET, EFER/STAR MSRs #1
bit 10 保留 #1
bit 9 (APIC) APIC #2
bit 8 (CX8) CMPXCHG8B
bit 7 (MCE) MCAR/MCTR MSRs, CR4.MCE, #MC
bit 6 (PAE) 64bit PDPTE/PDE/PTEs, CR4.PAE
bit 5 (MSR) MSRs, RDMSR/WRMSR
bit 4 (TSC) TSC, RDTSC, CR4.TSD (doesn't imply MSR=1)
bit 3 (PSE) PDE.PS, PDE/PTE.res, CR4.PSE, #PF(1xxxb)
bit 2 (DE) CR4.DE, DR7.RW=10b, #UD on MOV from/to DR4/5
bit 1 (VME) CR4.VME/PVI, EFLAGS.VIP/VIF, TSS32.IRB
bit 0 (FPU) FPU
說明內容
#0 Intel 處理器不支持; 返回值EAX, EBX, ECX, 和 EDX都是0.
#1 AMD K6 處理器, model 6, uses 使用第十位指示SEP.
#2 如果APIC是無效的,那么APIC讀到的是0.
#3 AMD CPUID=0662h的K7 處理器如果是具有多處理器能力的版本可能也報告時0
EAX＝ 8000_0002h, 8000_0003h, and 8000_0004h
輸入 EAX=8000_0002h 得到處理器名稱的第一部分
EAX=8000_0003h 得到處理器名稱的第二部分
EAX=8000_0004h 得到處理器名稱的第三部分
輸出 EAX
EBX
ECX
EDX 處理器名稱字符串#1
AMD K5 AMD-K5(tm) 處理器
AMD K6 AMD-K6tm w/ multimedia extensions
AMD K6-2 AMD-K6(tm) 3D 處理器
AMD-K6(tm)-2 處理器
AMD K6-III AMD-K6(tm) 3D+ 處理器
AMD-K6(tm)-III 處理器
AMD K6-2+ AMD-K6(tm)-III 處理器 (?)
AMD K6-III+ AMD-K6(tm)-III 處理器 (?)
AMD K7 AMD-K7(tm) 處理器 (model 1)
AMD Athlon(tm) 處理器 (model 2)
AMD Athlon(tm) 處理器 (models 3/4, 6/7, and 8 -- programmable)
Centaur C2 #2 IDT WinChip 2
IDT WinChip 2-3D
VIA Cyrix III CYRIX III(tm) (?)
VIA Samuel (?)
VIA Ezra (?)
Intel P4 Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU xxxxMHz (right-justified, leading whitespaces)順便說一句，Intel只有P4以上才支持。
Transmeta Transmeta(tm) Crusoe(tm) 處理器 TMxxxx

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