/ The root of the overall file system name space /bin The Directory location for standard system commands or binary files /dev The primary location for logical device names /devices The primary location for physical device names /etc Host specific system administrative configuration files and databases /eXPort The default directory for commonly shared file systems /home The default directory or mount point for users home directories /kernel The directory of platform independent loadable kernel modules required as part of the boot process /opt The default directory or mount point for addon application packages /platform The directory of platform dependent loadable kernel modules /sbin Essential executables used in the booting process and in manual system failure recovery /tmp Temporary files; cleared during the boot sequence /usr The directory for programs, scripts, and libraries used by all system users /var The directory for varying files, which usually includes temporary, logging, or status files /mnt A convenient, temporary mount point for file systems
幾種文件系統的含義及歷史 UFS " UNIX file system based on the BSD Fast File system is the default disk-based file system for the Solaris Operating environment.
?HSFS " High Sierra, Rock Ridge, and ISO 9660 file system. Solaris HSFS is used on CD-ROMs, and provide all UFS file system features and file types
?PCFS " PC file system, which allows read/ write access to data and programs on DOS-formatted disks written for DOS-based personalcomputers.
?UDF " The UDF file system, the industry-standard format for storing information on the optical media technology called DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc).
Network-Based File Systems ?Network-based file systems can be accessed over the network. NFS is the only available network-based or distributed computing file system.
" Virtual File Systems ?Virtual file systems are memory-based file systems that provide access to special kernel information and facilities. " The Cache File System
?The Cache File System (CacheFS) can be used to improve performance of remote file systems or slow devices sUCh as CD-ROM drives. When a file system is cached, the data read from the remote file system or CD- ROM is stored in a cache on the local system.
" The Temporary File System ?The Temporary File System (TMPFS) uses local memory for file system reads and writes, which is typically much faster than a UFS file system. ?TMPFS use the swap space on a disk.
The Process File System ?The Process File System (PROCFS) resides in memory. It contains a list of active processes, by process number, in the /proc directory.
" The Loopback File System ?The Loopback File System (LOFS) lets you create a new virtual file system, so you can access files by using an alternative path name.
磁盤基本概念 Lable( VTOC) ?Volume Table of Content, No. 1 disk sector( 512B)
" Boot block ?Stores the procedures used in booting the system ?The boot block is left blank if a file system not to be used for booting ?In the next 15 disk sectors
" Superblock ?Detailed information ablout the file system ?Size and status of file system ?Date and time of the last update ?Cylinder group size ?Number of date blocks in cylinder group ?Path name and last mount point ?In the next 16 disk sectors
Inode ?All information about a file except its name which is kept in a directory ?An inode is 128 byte " Type of the file ( File/ Directory/ Block special/ Character special/ Symbolic link/ pipe/ Socket) " The mode of the file( read-write-execute permissions)
讀磁盤的 VTOC 信息
# prtvtoc /dev/ rdsk/ c1t3d0s2
PROM的概念 " PROM ?Each Sun system has a boot PROM chip. This 8KB chip is typically located on the same board as the CPU ?The main functions of the boot PROM are to test the system hardware and boot the operating system " Number of hard link " User ID and group ID " Number of bytes of the file " An array of 15 data block address " The date and time of the file
" Data block ?The rest of the space allocated to the file system ?By default, 8-KB block size, 1- KB fragment size
NVRAM的概念
?The NVRAM is 8KB of nonvolatile random access memory. This is a pluggable chip that is often located on the main system board ?The NVRAM stores the Ethernet address, host ID, and the TOD clock. A single lithium battery within the NVRAM module provides battery backup for the NVRAM and clock ?The NVRAM module also contains the EEPROM for the parameters that have been changed or customized from the boot PROMdefault parameters settings ?The user-interface commands and device aliases are stored in the NVRAM
sun 機器的啟動過程 Prom--->Run Post--->Prom Load bootblk--->Bootblk Load ufsBoot--->ufsboot loads 32/ 64bit kernel --->Kernel initializes Load modules start init process --->start run rc scripts
sun 的運行級別 Level 0 Powerdown state Level S or s Singleuser state 單用戶狀態，掛上所有的文件系統 Level 1 Administrative state 治理員狀態 Level 2 Multiuser state 多用戶狀態，運行大部分服務，不運行NFS服務 Level 3 Multiuser state with NFS resources shared 多用戶狀態，運行全部服務。 Level 4 Alternative multiuser state 通常不支持 Level 5 Powerdown state Level 6 Reboot state
看當前的運行級別 who -r
The /etc/inittab 記錄了啟動的級別 內容格式 id: rstate: action: process s3: 3: wait:/ sbin/ rc3 >/ dev/ msglog 2<> /dev/ msglog _____________ Run levels to which this entry applies
