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C/C++英/中,繁/簡編程術(shù)語對(duì)照

2019-11-17 05:22:04
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  以下是侯捷個(gè)人收集到的 C/C++ 編程方面的術(shù)語對(duì)照。請(qǐng)大陸朋友給我一些意見,尤其是標(biāo)示 '?' 之欄位。謝謝。
兩岸朋友,假如您想到哪些術(shù)語尚未列入本表,請(qǐng)?zhí)崾疚遥x謝。
新書寫作時(shí),我會(huì)以此表為叁考。

●英中繁簡編程術(shù)語對(duì)照

英文                    臺(tái)灣慣用術(shù)語                            大陸慣用術(shù)語
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
abstract                抽象的                                  抽象的
abstraction             抽象體、抽象物、抽象性                  抽象體、抽象物、抽象性
access                  存取、取用                              存取、訪問
access function         存取函式                                存取函數(shù)
address-of Operator     取址運(yùn)算子 &                            取地址運(yùn)算符
algorithm               演算法                                  算法
argument                引數(shù)(傳給函式的值). 叁見 parameter    叁數(shù)
array                   陣列                                    數(shù)組
arrow operator          arrow(箭頭)運(yùn)算子 ->                  箭頭運(yùn)算符
assembly language       組合語言                                匯編語言
assign                  指派、指定、設(shè)值                        賦值
assignment              指派、指定                              賦值、分配
assignment operator     assignment(指派)運(yùn)算子 =              賦值運(yùn)算符
associated              相應(yīng)的、相關(guān)的                          相關(guān)的、關(guān)聯(lián)、相應(yīng)的
associative container   關(guān)聯(lián)式容器(對(duì)應(yīng) sequential container) 關(guān)聯(lián)式容器
base class              基礎(chǔ)類別                                基類
best viable function    最佳可行函式                            最佳可行函式
                        (從 viable functions 中挑出的最佳吻合者)
binary tree             二元樹                                  二叉樹                    ?
binary operator         二元運(yùn)算子                              二元運(yùn)算符
binding                 系結(jié)                                    綁定
bit                     位元                                    位
bitwise                 以 bit 為單元┅、位元逐一┅             ?
bitwise copy            以 bit 為單元進(jìn)行復(fù)制、位元逐一復(fù)制     位拷貝
block                   區(qū)塊                                    塊、分組
boolean                 布林值(真假值,true 或 false)         布爾值
byte                    位元組(8 bits 組成)                   字節(jié)
call                    呼叫、叫用                              調(diào)用
call operator           call(函式呼叫)運(yùn)算子 ()               調(diào)用運(yùn)算符
                        (同 function call operator)
chain                   串鏈(例 chain of function calls)      鏈
child class             子類別(或稱為derived class, suBType)  子類
class                   類別                                    類
class body              類別本體                                類體 ?
class declaration       類別宣告、類別宣告式                    類聲明
class definition        類別定義、類別定義式                    類定義
class derivation list   類別衍化列                              類繼續(xù)列表
class head              類別表頭                                類頭 ?
class hierarchy         類別繼續(xù)體系                            ?
class library           類別程式庫、類別庫                      類庫
class template          類別范本、類別模板、類別樣板            類模板
class template partial specializations
                       類別范本局部特制體、                     類模板部分特化
                       類別范本局部非凡化
class template specializations
                        類別范本特制體、類別范本非凡化          類模板特化
cleanup                 清理、善後                              清理、清除
candidate function      候選函式                                候選函數(shù)
                        (在函式多載決議程序中出現(xiàn)的候選函式)
command line            命令行                                  命令行
                        (系統(tǒng)文字模式提示號(hào)之後所下的整行命令)
compiler                編譯器                                  編譯器
component               組件                                    組件
concrete                具象的                                  實(shí)在的
container               容器                                    容器
                        (存放資料的某種結(jié)構(gòu)如 list, vector...)
context                 背景關(guān)系、周遭環(huán)境、上下脈絡(luò)            環(huán)境、上下文
const                   常數(shù)(constant 的縮寫,C++ 要害字)
constant                常數(shù)(相對(duì)於 variable)                 常數(shù)
constrUCtor(ctor)     建構(gòu)式                                  構(gòu)造函數(shù)、構(gòu)造器
                        (與class 同名的一種 member functions)
data                    資料                                    數(shù)據(jù)
data member             資料成員、成員變數(shù)                      數(shù)據(jù)成員、成員變量
data structure          資料結(jié)構(gòu)                                數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)
declaration             宣告、宣告式                            聲明
deduction               推導(dǎo)(例:template argument deduction) 推導(dǎo)、推斷
default                 預(yù)設(shè)                                    缺省、默許
definition              定義、定義區(qū)、定義式                    定義
dereference             提領(lǐng)(取出指標(biāo)所指物體的內(nèi)容)          ?
dereference operator    dereference(提領(lǐng))運(yùn)算子 *             ?
derived class           衍生類別                                派生類
destructor(dtor)      解構(gòu)式                                  析構(gòu)函數(shù)、析構(gòu)器
device                  裝置                                    設(shè)備
directive               指令(例:using directive)             (編譯)指示符
dot operator            dot(句點(diǎn))運(yùn)算子 .                     點(diǎn)運(yùn)算符
driver                  驅(qū)動(dòng)程式                                驅(qū)動(dòng)
dynamic binding         動(dòng)態(tài)系結(jié)                                動(dòng)態(tài)綁定
entity                  物體                                    實(shí)體、物體
encapsulation           封裝                                    封裝
enclosing class         外圍類別(與巢狀類別 nested class 有關(guān))?
enum (enumeration)      列舉(一種 C++ 資料型別)               枚舉
enumerators             列舉元(enum 型別中的成員)             枚舉成員、枚舉器
equality operator       equality(等號(hào))運(yùn)算子  ==              等號(hào)運(yùn)算符
evaluate                評(píng)估、求值、核定                        評(píng)估
exception               異常情況                                異常
exception declaration   異常宣告(ref. C++ PRimer 3/e, 11.3)   異常聲明
exception handling      異常處理、異常處理機(jī)制                  異常處理、異常處理機(jī)制
exception specification 異常規(guī)格(ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.4)   異常規(guī)范
exit                    退離(指離開函式時(shí)的那一個(gè)執(zhí)行點(diǎn))      退出
eXPlicit                明白的、明顯的、顯式                    顯式
export                  匯出                                    引出、導(dǎo)出
expression              運(yùn)算式、算式                            表達(dá)式
facility                設(shè)施、設(shè)備                              設(shè)施、設(shè)備
flush                   清理、掃清                              刷新
formal parameter        形式叁數(shù)                                形式叁數(shù)
forward declaration     前置宣告                                前置聲明
framework               框架                                    框架
function                函式、函數(shù)                              函數(shù)
function call operator  (同 call operator)
function object         函式物件(ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 12.3)   函數(shù)對(duì)象
function overloaded resolution
                        函式多載決議程序                        函數(shù)重載解決(方案)
function template       函式范本、函式模板、函式樣板            函數(shù)模板
generic                 泛型、一般化的                          一般化的、通用的、泛化
generic algorithm       泛型演算法                              通用算法
global                  全域性的(對(duì)應(yīng)於 local)                全局的
global scope resolution operator
                        全域生存空間(范圍決議)運(yùn)算子 ::       全局范圍解析運(yùn)算符
handler                 處理常式                                處理函數(shù)
hardware                硬體                                    硬件
header file             表頭檔、標(biāo)頭檔                          頭文件 ?
hierarchy               階層體系                                層次結(jié)構(gòu)(體系)
identifier              識(shí)別符號(hào)                                標(biāo)識(shí)符
immediate base          直接的(緊臨的)上層 base class。       直接上層基類
immediate derived       直接的(緊臨的)下層 derived class。    直接下層派生類
implement               實(shí)作                                    實(shí)現(xiàn)
implementation          實(shí)作品、實(shí)作物、實(shí)作體、實(shí)作碼          實(shí)現(xiàn)
implicit                隱喻的、暗自的、隱式                    隱式
import                  匯入                                    ?
increment operator      累加運(yùn)算子 ++                           增加運(yùn)算符
inheritance             繼續(xù)、繼續(xù)機(jī)制                          繼續(xù)、繼續(xù)機(jī)制
inline                  行內(nèi)                                    內(nèi)聯(lián)
inline expansion        行內(nèi)展開                                內(nèi)聯(lián)展開
initialization          初始化(動(dòng)作)                          初始化
initialization list     初值列                                  初始值列表
initialize              初始化                                  初始化
instance                實(shí)體                                    實(shí)例
                        (常指根據(jù) class 而產(chǎn)生出來的 object)
instantiated            具現(xiàn)化(應(yīng)用於 template)               實(shí)例化
instantiation           具現(xiàn)體、具現(xiàn)化實(shí)體(常應(yīng)用於 template) 實(shí)例
invoke                  喚起                                    調(diào)用
iterate                 迭代(回圈一個(gè)輪回一個(gè)輪回地進(jìn)行)      迭代
iterator                迭代器(一種泛型指標(biāo))                  迭代器
iteration               迭代(回圈每次輪回稱為一個(gè) iteration)  迭代
library                 程式庫、函式庫                          庫、函數(shù)庫
lifetime                生命期、生命周期、壽命                  生命期、壽命
linker                  聯(lián)結(jié)器、連結(jié)器                          連接器
literal constant        字面常數(shù)(例 3.14 或 "hi" 這等常數(shù)值)  字面常數(shù)
list                    串列(linked-list)                     列表、表
local                   區(qū)域性的(對(duì)應(yīng)於 global)               局部的
lvalue                  左值                                    左值
macro                   巨集                                    宏
manipulator             操縱器(iostream 預(yù)先定義的一種東西)   操縱器
mechanism               機(jī)制                                    機(jī)制
member                  成員                                    成員
member access operator  成員取用運(yùn)算子(有 dot 和 arrow 兩種)  成員存取運(yùn)算符
member function         成員函式                                成員函數(shù)
member initialization list
                        成員初值列                              成員初始值列表
memberwise              以 member 為單元┅、members 逐一┅      以成員為單位
memberwise copy         以 members 為單元逐一復(fù)制
memory                  記憶體                                  內(nèi)存
micro                   微                                      微
most derived class      最末層的 derived class                  最底層的派生類
mutable                 可變的                                  可變的
namespace               命名空間                                名字空間、命名空間
nested class            巢狀類別                                嵌套類
object                  物件                                    對(duì)象
object oriented         物件導(dǎo)向                                面向?qū)ο?br />operand                 運(yùn)算元                                  操作數(shù)
operation               操作行為                                操作
operator                運(yùn)算子                                  操作符、運(yùn)算符
option                  選項(xiàng)                                    選項(xiàng)
overflow                上限溢位(相對(duì)於 underflow)            溢出(underflow:下溢)
overhead                額外負(fù)擔(dān)                                負(fù)擔(dān)
overload                多載化、多載化、重載                    重載
overloaded function     多載化函式                              重載的函數(shù)
overloaded operator     多載化運(yùn)算子                            被重載的運(yùn)算符
overloaded set          多載集合                                重載集合
override                改寫、覆寫                              重載、改寫、重新定義
                        (在 derived class 中重新定義虛擬函式
parameter               叁數(shù)(函式叁數(shù)列上的變數(shù))              叁數(shù)
parameter list          叁數(shù)列                                  叁數(shù)列表
parent class            父類別(或稱 base class)               父類
parse                   解析                                    解析
partial specialization  局部特化、局部特化定義、局部特化宣告    局部特化
                        (ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 16.10)
pass by address         傳址(函式引數(shù)的傳遞方式)              傳地址
pass by reference       傳址(函式引數(shù)的傳遞方式)              傳地址
pass by value           傳值(函式引數(shù)的傳遞方式)              傳值
pattern                 樣式                                    模式
placement delete        ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 15.8.2
placement new           ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 15.8.2
platform                平臺(tái)                                    平臺(tái)
pointer                 指標(biāo)                                    指針
polymorphism            多型                                    多態(tài)
preprocessor            前處理器                                預(yù)處理器
programmer              程式員                                  程序員
programming             編程、程式設(shè)計(jì)、程式化                  編程、程式設(shè)計(jì)
project                 專案                                    工程
pseudo code             假碼、虛擬碼                            偽碼
qualified               經(jīng)過資格修飾(例如加上 scope 運(yùn)算子)   限定 ?
qualifier               資格修飾詞                              限定修飾詞 ?
queue                   佇列                                    隊(duì)列
raise                   引發(fā)(常用來表示發(fā)出一個(gè) exception)    引起、引發(fā)
rank                    等級(jí)、分等(ref. C++Primer 3/e 9,15章) 等級(jí)
raw                     生鮮的、未經(jīng)處理的                      未經(jīng)處理的
refer                   取用                                    叁考
reference              (C++ 中類似指標(biāo)的東西,相當(dāng)於 "化身")  引用、叁考
represent               表述,表現(xiàn)                              表述,表現(xiàn)
resolve                 決議(為算式中的符號(hào)名稱尋找            解析
                              對(duì)應(yīng)之宣告式的過程)
resolution              決議程序、決議過程                      解析過程
rvalue                  右值                                    右值
scope                   生存空間、生存范圍                      生存空間
scope operator          生存空間(范圍決議)運(yùn)算子  ::          生存空間運(yùn)算符
scope resolution operator
                        生存空間決議運(yùn)算子                      生存空間解析運(yùn)算符
                        (與scope operator同)
sequential container    循序式容器                              順序式容器
                        (對(duì)應(yīng)於 associative container)
specialization          非凡化、非凡化定義、非凡化宣告          特化
software                軟體                                    軟件
source                  原始碼                                  源碼、源代碼
stack                   堆疊                                    堆棧
stack unwinding         堆疊輾轉(zhuǎn)開解(此詞用於 exception 主題) 堆棧輾轉(zhuǎn)開解 *
statement               述句                                    語句、聲明
stream                  資料流                                  流
string                  字串                                    字符串
subscript operator      下標(biāo)運(yùn)算子 [ ]                          下標(biāo)運(yùn)算符
subtype                 子型別               


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