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Java網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程基礎(chǔ)(四) ServerSocket類使用

2019-11-17 04:28:20
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由于SSClient使用了流套接字,所以服務(wù)程序也要使用流套接字。

這就要創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocket對象,ServerSocket有幾個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù),最簡單的是ServerSocket(int port),當(dāng)使用ServerSocket(int port)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocket對象,port參數(shù)傳遞端口號,這個(gè)端口就是服務(wù)器監(jiān)聽連接請求的端口,如果在這時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤將拋出IOException異常對象,否則將創(chuàng)建ServerSocket對象并開始準(zhǔn)備接收連接請求。

接下來服務(wù)程序進(jìn)入無限循環(huán)之中,無限循環(huán)從調(diào)用ServerSocket的accept()方法開始,在調(diào)用開始后accept()方法將導(dǎo)致調(diào)用線程阻塞直到連接建立。在建立連接后accept()返回一個(gè)最近創(chuàng)建的Socket對象,該Socket對象綁定了客戶程序的ip地址或端口號。

由于存在單個(gè)服務(wù)程序與多個(gè)客戶程序通訊的可能,所以服務(wù)程序響應(yīng)客戶程序不應(yīng)該花很多時(shí)間,否則客戶程序在得到服務(wù)前有可能花很多時(shí)間來等待通訊的建立,然而服務(wù)程序和客戶程序的會話有可能是很長的(這與電話類似),因此為加快對客戶程序連接請求的響應(yīng),典型的方法是服務(wù)器主機(jī)運(yùn)行一個(gè)后臺線程,這個(gè)后臺線程處理服務(wù)程序和客戶程序的通訊。

為了示范我們在上面談到的慨念并完成SSClient程序,下面我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)SSServer程序,程序?qū)?chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocket對象來監(jiān)聽端口10000的連接請求,如果成功服務(wù)程序?qū)⒌却B接輸入,開始一個(gè)線程處理連接,并響應(yīng)來自客戶程序的命令。下面就是這段程序的代碼:

Listing 3: SSServer.java


// SSServer.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

class SSServer
{
 public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException
 { 
  System.out.PRintln ("Server starting.../n");

  // Create a server socket that listens for incoming connection
  // requests on port 10000.

  ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket (10000);

  while (true)
  {
   // Listen for incoming connection requests from client
   // programs, establish a connection, and return a Socket
   // object that redivsents this connection.

   Socket s = server.accept ();

   System.out.println ("Accepting Connection.../n");

   // Start a thread to handle the connection.

   new ServerThread (s).start ();
  }
 }
}

class ServerThread extends Thread
{
 private Socket s;

 ServerThread (Socket s)
 {
  this.s = s;
 }

 public void run ()
 {
  BufferedReader br = null;
  PrintWriter pw = null;

  try
  {
   // Create an input stream reader that chains to the socket's
   // byte-oriented input stream. The input stream reader
   // converts bytes read from the socket to characters. The
   // conversion is based on the platform's default character
   // set.

   InputStreamReader isr;
   isr = new InputStreamReader (s.getInputStream ());

   // Create a buffered reader that chains to the input stream
   // reader. The buffered reader supplies a convenient method
   // for reading entire lines of text.

   br = new BufferedReader (isr);

   // Create a print writer that chains to the socket's byte-
   // oriented output stream. The print writer creates an
   // intermediate output stream writer that converts
   // characters sent to the socket to bytes. The conversion
   // is based on the platform's default character set.

   pw = new PrintWriter (s.getOutputStream (), true);

   // Create a calendar that makes it possible to obtain date
   // and time information.

   Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance ();

 // Because the client program may send multiple commands, a
   // loop is required. Keep looping until the client either
   // explicitly requests termination by sending a command
   // beginning with letters BYE or implicitly requests
   // termination by closing its output stream.

   do
   {
    // Obtain the client program's next command.

    String cmd = br.readLine ();

    // Exit if client program has closed its output stream.

    if (cmd == null)
     break;
  
    // Convert command to uppercase, for ease of comparison.

    cmd = cmd.toUpperCase ();

    // If client program sends BYE command, terminate.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("BYE"))
     break;

    // If client program sends DATE or TIME command, return
    // current date/time to the client program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DATE") || cmd.startsWith ("TIME"))
     pw.println (c.getTime ().toString ());

    // If client program sends DOM (Day Of Month) command,
    // return current day of month to the client program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOM"))
     pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));

    // If client program sends DOW (Day Of Week) command,
    // return current weekday (as a string) to the client
    // program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOW"))
     switch (c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK))
 {
     case Calendar.SUNDAY : pw.println ("SUNDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.MONDAY : pw.println ("MONDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.TUESDAY : pw.println ("TUESDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.WEDNESDAY: pw.println ("WEDNESDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.THURSDAY : pw.println ("THURSDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.FRIDAY : pw.println ("FRIDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.SATURDAY : pw.println ("SATURDAY");
    }

    // If client program sends DOY (Day of Year) command,
    // return current day of year to the client program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOY"))
     pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));

     // If client program sends PAUSE command, sleep for three
     // seconds.
 
    if (cmd.startsWith ("PAUSE"))
    try
    {
     Thread.sleep (3000);
    }
    catch (InterruptedException e)
    {
    }
   }
   while (true);
   {
   catch (IOException e)
   {
       System.out.println (e.toString ());
   }
   finally
   {
    System.out.println ("Closing Connection.../n");
    try
    {
     if (br != null)
      br.close ();

      if (pw != null)
       pw.close ();

      if (s != null)
       s.close ();
    }
    catch (IOException e)
    {
    }
   }
  }
}
 

運(yùn)行這段程序?qū)⒌玫较旅娴妮敵觯?

Server starting...

Accepting Connection...

Closing Connection...

SSServer的源代碼聲明了一對類:SSServer 和ServerThread;SSServer的main()方法創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)ServerSocket對象來監(jiān)聽端口10000上的連接請求,如果成功, SSServer進(jìn)入一個(gè)無限循環(huán)中,交替調(diào)用ServerSocket的 accept() 方法來等待連接請求,同時(shí)啟動后臺線程處理連接(accept()返回的請求)。線程由ServerThread繼承的start()方法開始,并執(zhí)行ServerThread的run()方法中的代碼。

一旦run()方法運(yùn)行,線程將創(chuàng)建BufferedReader, PrintWriter和 Calendar對象并進(jìn)入一個(gè)循環(huán),這個(gè)循環(huán)由讀(通過BufferedReader的 readLine())來自客戶程序的一行文本開始,文本(命令)存儲在cmd引用的string對象中,如果客戶程序過早的關(guān)閉輸出流,會發(fā)生什么呢?答案是:cmd將得不到賦值。

注意必須考慮到這種情況:在服務(wù)程序正在讀輸入流時(shí),客戶程序關(guān)閉了輸出流,如果沒有對這種情況進(jìn)行處理,那么程序?qū)a(chǎn)生異常。

一旦編譯了SSServer的源代碼,通過輸入Java SSServer來運(yùn)行程序,在開始運(yùn)行SSServer后,就可以運(yùn)行一個(gè)或多個(gè)SSClient程序。


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