如何創建一個RESTful WCF Service

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（一）web.config文件

要創建REST WCF Service，endpoint binding需要用webHttpBinding，參見《webHttpBinding、basicHttpBinding和wsHttpBinding的區別》。

web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?><configuration>    <system.web>      <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />      <authentication mode="None" />    </system.web>    <system.serviceModel>        <behaviors>            <endpointBehaviors>                <behavior name="SandwichServices.CostServiceBehavior">                                        <webHttp helpEnabled="true"/>                </behavior>            </endpointBehaviors>            <serviceBehaviors>              <behavior name="SandwichServices.CostServiceServiceBehavior" >                <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />              </behavior>            </serviceBehaviors>        </behaviors>        <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"            mult
在《如何創建一個Ajax-Enabled WCF Service》中的web.config，因為需要AJAX，endpointBehaviors用了<enableWebScript />，但是enableWebScript 和REST需要的UriTemplate是有沖突的，所以這里不再使用。
endpointBehaviors中設置<webHttp helpEnabled="true"/>可以生成WCF Service的Help頁面。
HTTP定義了與服務器交互的不同方法，最基本的方法有4種，分別是GET，POST，PUT，DELETE。一個URL地址，它用于描述一個網絡上的資源，而HTTP中的GET，POST，PUT，DELETE就對應著對這個資源的查，改，增，刪4個操作。GET一般用于獲取/查詢資源信息，而POST一般用于更新資源信息。
對于PUT和DELETE，需要身份驗證信息，所以我們先暫時只允許匿名訪問，在web.config中將authentication mode設置為None。
（二）webHttpBinding的XML格式
Employee.cs
using System;using System.Runtime.Serialization;namespace SandwichServices{    [DataContract]    public class Employee    {        PRivate Guid id;        private string name;        private DateTime birthdate;        [DataMember]        public Guid Id        {            get { return id; }            set { id = value; }        }        [DataMember]        public string Name        {            get { return name; }            set { name = value; }        }        [DataMember]        public DateTime Birthdate        {            get { return birthdate; }            set { birthdate = value; }        }    }}
CostService.svc.cs
using System;using System.ServiceModel;using System.ServiceModel.Activation;using System.ServiceModel.Web;namespace SandwichServices{    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "SandwichServices")]    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]    public class CostService    {        // To use HTTP GET, add [WebGet] attribute. (Default ResponseFormat is WebMessageFormat.Json)        // To create an Operation that returns XML,        //     add [WebGet(ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Xml)],        //     and include the following line in the operation body:        //         WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse.ContentType = "text/xml";        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "PUT", UriTemplate = "Employees/AddEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public Guid AddEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return Guid.NewGuid();        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "DELETE", UriTemplate = "Employees/DeleteEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public void DeleteEmployee(string id)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "Employees/UpdateEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public void UpdateEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "Employees/GetEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public Employee GetEmployee(string id)        {            return new Employee() { Id = new Guid(id), Name = "Neil Klugman", Birthdate = new DateTime(1930, 1, 1) };        }    }}
（三）webHttpBinding JSON格式
將每個方法的ResponseFormat改為Json
CostService.svc.cs
using System;using System.ServiceModel;using System.ServiceModel.Activation;using System.ServiceModel.Web;namespace SandwichServices{    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "SandwichServices")]    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]    public class CostService    {        // To use HTTP GET, add [WebGet] attribute. (Default ResponseFormat is WebMessageFormat.Json)        // To create an operation that returns XML,        //     add [WebGet(ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Xml)],        //     and include the following line in the operation body:        //         WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse.ContentType = "text/xml";        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "PUT", UriTemplate = "Employees/AddEmployee", ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public Guid AddEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return Guid.NewGuid();        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "DELETE", UriTemplate = "Employees/DeleteEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public void DeleteEmployee(string id)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "Employees/UpdateEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public void UpdateEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "Employees/GetEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public Employee GetEmployee(string id)        {            return new Employee() { Id = new Guid(id), Name = "Neil Klugman", Birthdate = new DateTime(1930, 1, 1) };        }    }}