在javaEE項目中，需要將工程部署到遠程服務器上，如果部署的頻率比較高，手動部署的方式就比較麻煩，可以利用Ant工具實現快捷的部署。這篇博文詳細介紹了ant配置的步驟（http://m.survivalescaperooms.com/GloriousOnion/archive/2012/12/18/2822817.html），但是在tomcat7以上不適用，需要修改配置，具體如下：

1.配置tomcat的用戶角色

tomcat7中的用戶角色有：

manager-gui — access to the HTML interface.manager-status — Access to the "Server Status" page only.manager-script — Access to the tools-friendly plain text interface that isdescribed in this document, and to the "Server Status" page.manager-jmx — Access to JMX PRoxy interface and to the "ServerStatus" page.

我們要用到的是manager-script，在tomcat-users.xml中進行配置。加入以下代碼：

<role rolename="manager-script" />

<user username="用戶名"passWord="密碼" roles="manager-script">

2.配置Ant環境

3.編寫build.xml文件

<project name="工程名"default="redeploy" basedir=".">

<!-- Configure the directory into which the web application is built-->

<property name="build"value="${basedir}/build"/>

<!-- Configure the context path for this application -->

<property name="path" value="/應用的名稱"/>

<!-- Configure properties to access the Manager application -->

<property name="url"value="http://你的域名/manager/text"/>

<property name="username" value="步驟1中配置的用戶名"/>

<property name="password" value="步驟1中配置的密碼"/>

<!-- Configure the custom Ant tasks for the Manager application-->

<taskdef name="deploy"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask"/>

<taskdef name="list"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask"/>

<taskdef name="reload"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask"/>

<taskdef name="findleaks"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.FindLeaksTask"/>

<taskdef name="resources"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ResourcesTask"/>

<taskdef name="start"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask"/>

<taskdef name="stop"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask"/>

<taskdef name="undeploy"classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.UndeployTask"/>

<!-- Executable Targets -->

<target name="compile" description="Compile webapplication">

<!-- ... construct web application in ${build} subdirectory, and

generated a ${path}.war ... -->

<deletedir="${build}"/>

<mkdir dir="${build}"/>

<wardestfile="${build}/school.war"webxml="WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml">

<classesdir="WebRoot/WEB-INF/classes">

<excludename="**/*.xml"/>

</classes>

<libdir="WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib" />

<fileset dir="WebRoot">

<includename="**/**.*" />

<excludename="**/*.jar"/>

<excludename="**/*.class"/>

</fileset>

</war>

</target>

<target name="deploy" description="Install webapplication" depends="compile">

<deploy url="${url}" username="${username}"password="${password}" path="${path}"war="${build}/school.war"/>

</target>

<target name="reload" description="Reload webapplication" depends="compile">

<reload url="${url}"username="${username}" password="${password}"path="${path}"/>

</target>

<target name="undeploy" description="Remove webapplication">

<undeploy url="${url}" username="${username}"password="${password}" path="${path}"/>

</target>

<targetname="redeploy" description="Remove and Install webapplication">

<antcalltarget="undeploy"/>

<antcalltarget="deploy"/>

</target>

</project>

最后運行該文件，你的工程就可以部署到遠程tomcat上了。

具體的說明可參考官方的文檔：

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/manager-howto.html#Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant