這篇文章主要介紹了史上最全最強SPRingMVC詳細(xì)示例實戰(zhàn)教程(圖文),需要的朋友可以參考下
一、SpringMVC基礎(chǔ)入門,創(chuàng)建一個HelloWorld程序
1.首先,導(dǎo)入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關(guān)于SpringMVC的配置
?| 123456789101112131415 | <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--><servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --></servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping> |
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
?| 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627 | <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC"/> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前綴 --> <propertyname="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!-- 后綴 --> <propertyname="suffix"value=".jsp"/> </bean></beans> |
4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創(chuàng)建名為jsp的文件夾,用來存放jsp視圖。創(chuàng)建一個hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示

6.編寫Controller代碼
?| 123456789 | @Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController { @RequestMapping("/hello") publicString hello(){ return"hello"; }} |
7.啟動服務(wù)器,鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求,Servlet攔截匹配規(guī)則要自已定義,把攔截下來的請求,依據(jù)相應(yīng)的規(guī)則分發(fā)到目標(biāo)Controller來處理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
視圖名稱解析器
3.以上出現(xiàn)的注解
@Controller 負(fù)責(zé)注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@Controller
負(fù)責(zé)注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該注解用于讀取Request請求的body部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)配置的HttpMessageConverter進(jìn)行解析,然后把相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)綁定到要返回的對象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數(shù)據(jù)綁定到 controller中方法的參數(shù)上
@ResponseBody
該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對象,通過適當(dāng)?shù)腍ttpMessageConverter轉(zhuǎn)換為指定格式后,寫入到Response對象的body數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在調(diào)用目標(biāo)處理方法前,會先逐個調(diào)用在方法級上標(biāo)注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入?yún)⑶笆褂?@ModelAttribute 注解:可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數(shù)據(jù)中獲取對象,再將請求參數(shù) –綁定到對象中,再傳入入?yún)⒎椒ㄈ雲(yún)ο筇砑拥侥P椭?nbsp;
@RequestParam
在處理方法入?yún)⑻幨褂?@RequestParam 可以把請求參 數(shù)傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
綁定 URL 占位符到入?yún)?/p>
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出現(xiàn)異常時會執(zhí)行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類,類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發(fā)生的異常
| 123456 | //match automatically@RequestMapping("/person")public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return"hello";} |
1.編寫一個Person實體類
?| 12345678910111213141516171819 | package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person { publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicintgetAge() { returnage; } publicvoidsetAge(intage) { this.age = age; } privateString name; privateintage; } |
2.在Controller里編寫方法
?| 123456 | //boxing automatically@RequestMapping("/person1")public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return"hello";} |
| 12345678910111213 | //the parameter was converted in initBinder@RequestMapping("/date")public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return"hello";} //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"@InitBinderpublic void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,newCustomDateEditor(newSimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));} |
| 123456789 | //pass the parameters to front-end@RequestMapping("/show")public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =newPerson(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return"show";} |
前臺可在Request域中取到"p"
| 123456789 | //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name")public String sayHello(){ return"name";} |
前臺用下面的Jquery代碼調(diào)用
?| 1234567 | $(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); });}); |
| 12345 | //redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect")public String redirect(){ return"redirect:hello";} |
1.需要導(dǎo)入兩個jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
?| 1234 | <!-- upload settings --><beanid="multipartResolver"class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <propertyname="maxUploadSize"value="102400000"></property></bean> |
3.方法代碼
?| 1234567891011121314 | @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throwsException{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf =newSimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos =newFileOutputStream(req.getsession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(newDate())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return"hello";} |
4.前臺form表單
?| 1234 | <formaction="mvc/upload"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data"> <inputtype="file"name="file"><br> <inputtype="submit"value="submit"></form> |
| 12345678910 | @Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") publicString testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return"/hello"; } } |
1.RestController
?| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 | @Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) publicString get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) publicString post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) publicString put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) publicString delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return"/hello"; } } |
2.form表單發(fā)送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
?| 123456789 | <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --><filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping> |
在前臺可以用以下代碼產(chǎn)生請求
?| 1234567891011121314151617 | <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="PUT"> <inputtype="submit"value="put"></form> <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="submit"value="post"></form> <formaction="rest/user/1"method="get"> <inputtype="submit"value="get"></form> <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="DELETE"> <inputtype="submit"value="delete"></form> |
1.導(dǎo)入以下jar包

2.方法代碼
?| 1234567891011121314 | @Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") publicUser get(){ User u =newUser(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(newDate()); returnu; }} |
1.處理局部異常(Controller內(nèi))
?| 12345678910111213 | @ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv =newModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); returnmv;} @RequestMapping("/error")public String error(){ inti =5/0; return"hello";} |
2.處理全局異常(所有Controller)
?| 12345678910 | @ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv =newModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); returnmv; }} |
3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
?| 12345678 | <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --><beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <propertyname="exceptionMappings"> <props> <propkey="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property></bean> |
error是出錯頁面
1.創(chuàng)建一個MyInterceptor類,并實現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口
?| 1234567891011121314151617181920212223 | public class MyInterceptor implementsHandlerInterceptor { @Override publicvoidafterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throwsException { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override publicvoidpostHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)throwsException { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override publicbooleanpreHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2)throwsException { System.out.println("preHandle"); returntrue; } } |
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
?| 1234567 | <!-- interceptor setting --><mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mappingpath="/mvc/**"/> <beanclass="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>gt; </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> |
3.攔截器執(zhí)行順序

1.導(dǎo)入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用導(dǎo)入)

2.編寫實體類User并加上驗證注解
?| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 | public class User { publicintgetId() { returnid; } publicvoidsetId(intid) { this.id = id; } publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicDate getBirth() { returnbirth; } publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override publicString toString() { return"User [id="+ id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]"; } privateintid; @NotEmpty privateString name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") privateDate birth;} |
ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
?| 123456 | <form:formaction="form/add"method="post"modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:inputpath="id"/><form:errorspath="id"/><br> name:<form:inputpath="name"/><form:errorspath="name"/><br> birth:<form:inputpath="birth"/><form:errorspath="birth"/> <inputtype="submit"value="submit"></form:form> |
ps:path對應(yīng)name
4.Controller中代碼
?| 1234567891011121314151617 | @Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) publicString add(@ValidUser u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return"addUser"; } return"showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) publicString add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",newUser()); return"addUser"; }} |
ps:
1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性,所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標(biāo)記的注解驗證參數(shù)
3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯,表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
?
| 1234 | <!-- configure the locale resource --><beanid="messageSource"class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <propertyname="basename"value="locale"></property></bean> |
6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號passWord=密碼locale.properties中添加
username=user namepassword=password創(chuàng)建一個locale.jsp
?
| 1234 | <body> <fmt:messagekey="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:messagekey="password"></fmt:message></body> |
在SpringMVC中配置
?| 12 | <!-- make the jsp page can be visited --><mvc:view-controllerpath="/locale"view-name="locale"/> |
讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最后,訪問locale.jsp,切換瀏覽器語言,能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
1.創(chuàng)建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合,并創(chuàng)建各類

2.User實體類
?| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 | public class User { publicintgetId() { returnid; } publicvoidsetId(intid) { this.id = id; } publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicDate getBirth() { returnbirth; } publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override publicString toString() { return"User [id="+ id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]"; } privateintid; @NotEmpty privateString name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") privateDate birth;} |
3.UserService類
?| 12345678910 | @Componentpublic class UserService { publicUserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n"); } publicvoidsave(){ System.out.println("save"); }} |
4.UserController
?| 12345678910111213 | @Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController { @Autowired privateUserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") publicString saveUser(@RequestBody@ModelAttributeUser u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return"hello"; }} |
5.Spring配置文件
在src目錄下創(chuàng)建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
?| 12345678910111213141516171819202122 | <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans> |
在Web.xml中添加配置
?| 12345678 | <!-- configure the springIOC --><listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param> |
6.在SpringMVC中進(jìn)行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合
?| 1234567 | <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filtertype="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filtertype="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> |

1、springmvc基于方法開發(fā)的,struts2基于類開發(fā)的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個Handler對象,對象中只包括了一個method。方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束,形參數(shù)據(jù)銷毀。springmvc的controller開發(fā)類似web service開發(fā)。
2、springmvc可以進(jìn)行單例開發(fā),并且建議使用單例開發(fā),struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數(shù),無法使用單例,只能使用多例。
3、經(jīng)過實際測試,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts標(biāo)簽,如果使用struts建議使用jstl。
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