之前提到到前端處理數據線程的解決方案，這里有需要到數據的本地存儲，數據持久最好的方式首選數據庫。那現在在我們的面前的有兩種選擇，一種是apple的coredata,另外一種就是采用FMDB。我的主觀反應是，我首推的是FMDB，FMDB的靈活性能更強，適用于多種場景，在數據處理上，可以通過選擇不同的SQL語句，達到更好的效果。在FMDB的基礎上，還有一個更便利的框架－－GYDataCenter。
這里就從一個比較完整的數據模型的創建來講解著一個解決方案。
這個解決方案大體上分為：數據模型（數據表），數據操作（邏輯運算）和數據遷移，其實就是數據的增刪查改，對于不是很了解的SQL語句的開發者來說，這個在方便不過了，在下面的內容里面也穿插講解一下md5和基礎用戶存儲的一些解決方案。
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface QYJUserInfo : NSObject <NSCopying>{ NSString *_id;}/** * 賬號 */@PRoperty (nonatomic, copy) NSString *username;/** * 密碼 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *passWord;/** * 郵箱 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *email;/** * 刪除標識,未刪:0,已刪:1 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *deleted;/** * 用戶ID */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *userID;/** * 中文名 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *cname;/** * 聯系手機號碼 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *phone;/** * 用戶類型 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *type;/** * 英文名 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *ename;/** * 創建時間 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *created_dt;/** * 更新時間 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *updated_dt;/** * 基礎方法 *//* @method toModelWithDictionary: @abstrac 字典轉模型，用戶類型一般只處理一個 @discussion 字典轉模型 @param dict (NSDictionary *) @result QYJUserInfo 對象 */+ (instancetype)toModelWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dict;/* @method toDictionary @abstrac 轉字典 @discussion 轉字典 @param No param @result NSDictionary */- (NSDictionary *)toDictionary;/* @method getMD5 @abstrac 將對象的值和屬性名轉成字符串MD5 @discussion 將對象的值和屬性名轉成字符串MD5 @param No param @result NSString */- (NSString *)getMD5;/* @method saveObjectToLocal @abstrac 保存對象到本地 @discussion 保存對象到本地 @param No param @result BOOL 保存結果 */- (BOOL)saveObjectToLocal;/* @method localUserInfo: @abstrac 查詢本地用戶信息，一般做自動登錄的用戶只允許有一個 @discussion 查詢本地用戶信息 @param No param @result QYJUserInfo對象 */+ (instancetype)localUserInfo;/* @method deleteUserInfo: @abstrac 刪除本地存儲的用戶數據，在用戶點擊出按鈕的時候調用 @discussion 刪除本地存儲的用戶數據，在用戶點擊出按鈕的時候調用 @param No param @result No return */+ (void)deleteUserInfo;/* @method compare: @abstrac 比較大小 @discussion 比較大小 @param QYJUserInfo對象 @result NSOrderedAscending = -1L, NSOrderedSame, NSOrderedDescending */- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(QYJUserInfo *)otherObject;@end 在.m的文件中我們要去實現我們聲明的文件。
#import "QYJUserInfo.h"//runtime 需要引用的頭文件#import <objc/runtime.h>#import "NSString+MD5.h"// 保存的Key static NSString *const localSaveKey = @"com.userInfo.qyj";@implementation QYJUserInfo@synthesize userID = _id;#pragma mark - NSCopying- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { Class modelClass = [self class]; QYJUserInfo *object = [[modelClass alloc] init]; NSArray *propertyName = [modelClass getPropertyNames]; NSLog(@"%@", propertyName); for (NSString *property in propertyName) { [object setValue:[self valueForKey:property] forKey:property]; } return object;}+ (NSArray *)getPropertyNames { NSMutableArray *names = @[].mutableCopy; u_int count; objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(self, &count); for (int i=0; i<count; i++) { objc_property_t property = properties[i]; NSString *propertyName = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:property_getName(property) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; [names addObject:propertyName]; } //釋放 free(properties); return names;}#pragma mark - public Method+ (instancetype)toModelWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dict { QYJUserInfo *userInfo = [[QYJUserInfo alloc] init]; /** *這里需要注意的是 id 在OC中是一個系統的特殊符號，所以用@synthesize userID = _id *來處理setValuesForKeysWithDictionary中對于id的轉換。 */ [userInfo setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict]; return userInfo;}- (NSDictionary *)toDictionary { NSMutableDictionary *dict = @{}.mutableCopy; NSArray *propertyName = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; for (NSString *property in propertyName) { id value = [self valueForKey:property]; //這里字典不能傳入一個nil的對象，這里就加一個判斷 //這里只存在字符串類型的類型的數據，故這樣判段，如果存在多種類型著要注意基礎類型int一類的數據 [dict setValue:value ? value : @"" forKey:property]; } return dict;}- (NSString *)getMD5 { NSString *mdStringMD5 = @""; NSArray *propertyName = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; for (NSString *property in propertyName) { id value = [self valueForKey:property]; /** *如果是需要和后臺交互的，這里要和后臺約定好MD5排列的順序 *只要字段的排列順序不一樣，生成的MD5也不一樣, *OC的字典轉String的順序和java中toString的順序有可能不相同，導致數據驗證失敗 *字符串中字段順序就是.h文件中的聲明的順序一致 */ if (value) { mdStringMD5 = [mdStringMD5 stringByAppendingString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@", propertyName, value]]; } } return mdStringMD5.MD5;}- (BOOL)saveObjectToLocal { //創建文檔的key和需要加密的內容 [self save:localSaveKey data:[self toDictionary]]; return YES;}+ (id)localUserInfo { id ret = nil; NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [[self class] getKeychainQuery:localSaveKey]; //__bridge_transfer是個C語言的寫法 [keychainQuery setObject:(id)kCFBooleanTrue forKey:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecReturnData]; [keychainQuery setObject:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecMatchLimitOne forKey:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecMatchLimit]; CFDataRef keyData = NULL; if (SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, (CFTypeRef *)&keyData) == noErr) { //這里防止崩潰加一個try catch，因為這里不會出現野指針，故這里是用try catch能發揮作用的 @try { ret = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:(__bridge_transfer NSData *)keyData]; } @catch (NSException *exception) { NSLog(@"Unarchive of %@ failed: %@", localSaveKey, exception); } @finally { } } if (ret) { return [self toModelWithDictionary:ret]; } return ret;}#pragma mark - private- (void)save:(NSString *)saveKey data:(id)data { NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [[self class] getKeychainQuery:saveKey]; SecItemDelete((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery); CFRelease((__bridge CFTypeRef)(keychainQuery)); [keychainQuery setObject:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:data] forKey:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecValueData] ; SecItemAdd((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, NULL); CFRelease((__bridge CFTypeRef)(keychainQuery));}+ (void)deleteUserInfo { NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [[self class] getKeychainQuery:localSaveKey]; SecItemDelete((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery); CFRelease((__bridge CFTypeRef)(keychainQuery));}+ (NSMutableDictionary *)getKeychainQuery:(NSString *)saveKey { return [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (__bridge_transfer id)kSecClassGenericPassword,(__bridge_transfer id)kSecClass, saveKey, (__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttrService, saveKey, (__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttrAccount, (__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttraccessibleAfterFirstUnlock,(__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttrAccessible, nil];}#pragma mark - rewrite super class- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object { //對比是否相同 if (![object isKindOfClass:[self class]]) { return NO; } NSDictionary *selfDict = [self toDictionary]; NSDictionary *objectDict = [(QYJUserInfo *)object toDictionary]; return [selfDict isEqualToDictionary:objectDict];}- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(QYJUserInfo *)otherObject { //根據自己的需要是添加對比的條件 return [self.cname compare:otherObject.cname];}@end 現在來試試效果，我們在AppDelegate.m里面去構建一個對象，我們采用字典去生成一個，打印出相對應的數據并且保存起來。#import "AppDelegate.h"#import "QYJUserInfo.h"@interface AppDelegate ()@end@implementation AppDelegate- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { NSDictionary *userInfoDict = @{ @"username" : @"123456789", @"password" : @"*******", @"email" : @"xxxxx@163.com", @"deleted" : @"0", @"id" : @"666", @"cname" : @"狗剩", @"phone" : @"182xxxx3233", @"type" : @"M", @"ename" : @"Tom", @"created_dt": @"2011-02-03", @"updated_dt": @"2017-02-08" }; QYJUserInfo *object = [QYJUserInfo toModelWithDictionary:userInfoDict]; NSLog(@"%@", object); [object saveObjectToLocal]; return YES;}為了方便我們的打印，我們去QYJUserInfo.m中去重寫一下- (NSString *)description。- (NSString *)description { NSArray *propertyNames = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; NSString *result = nil; for (NSString *propertyName in propertyNames) { NSString *temp = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@/n", propertyName, [self valueForKey:propertyName]]; if (!result) { result = temp; } else { result = [result stringByAppendingString:temp]; } } return result;} 運行結果：
修改AppDelegate的代碼:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { QYJUserInfo *object1 = [QYJUserInfo localUserInfo]; NSLog(@"delete before : %@", object1); //刪除本地的檔案 [QYJUserInfo deleteUserInfo]; //在獲取一次本地的檔案，查看是否可以獲取 QYJUserInfo *object2 = [QYJUserInfo localUserInfo]; NSLog(@"delete after : %@", object2); return YES;} 運行結果:
用戶數據存儲就完成了。
2.如何創建一個數據庫
首先，我們要知道，GYDataCenter（下面簡稱GY）這個框架創建表的時候，不需要我們去寫創建語句，也不用像FMDB那樣，每次增刪查改的時候都要讀取數據。只要調用相關的該表的SQL語句，框架內部就可以自動創建。
GYDataCenter的github地址：https://github.com/Zepo/GYDataCenter
開始創建一個本地的數據庫，建庫的方法有很多，可以用一些數據庫工具創建一個空的數據庫，放到工程里面，也可以用代碼去創建。這里通過講解一個簡單的場景去學習如何使用數據庫。
我們要做的事情很簡單，就是讀取手機通訊錄的數據，然后轉化成相應的數據保存到我們的數據庫中，這里我們先寫一個通訊錄的表。GYDataCenter只是一層封裝，不包括FMDB，這里我們要從github上面把FMDB下載下來，導入到工程里面，同時依賴需要的靜態庫——libsqlite3.0.tbd。編譯，無報錯，GYDataCenter和FMDB就可以使用了。
創建一個繼承于GYModelObject這類的通訊錄類，繼承GYModelObject之后就可以使用GY的一下數據庫的相關方法。
#import "GYModelObject.h"@interface QYJContactsInfo : GYModelObject/** * 主鍵 */@property (assign, nonatomic, readonly) NSInteger primaryKeyId;/** * 聯系人姓名 */@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *name;/** * 顧客姓名首字母 */@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *nameFirstLetter;/** * 顧客姓名拼音 */@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *namePinyin;/** * 電話號碼 */@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *phoneNum;- (NSDictionary *)toDictionary;@end .m文件#import "QYJContactsInfo.h"#import <objc/runtime.h>#define PrimaryKeyId @"primaryKeyId"@implementation QYJContactsInfo+ (NSString *)dbName { //需要將表存放的數據庫 return @"thisIsDatabaseName";}+ (NSString *)tableName { //數據存放的表名字 return @"thisIsTableName";}+ (NSString *)primaryKey { //主鍵的字段名 return PrimaryKeyId;}+ (NSArray *)persistentProperties { //這里是返回你的屬性名，順序和@interface中聲明的是一樣的 static dispatch_once_t onceToken; static NSArray *properties = nil; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ properties = @[ @"primaryKeyId", @"name", @"nameFirstLetter", @"namePinyin", @"phoneNum", ]; }); return properties;}- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object { if (![object isKindOfClass:[self class]]) return NO; NSDictionary *selfDict = [self toDictionary]; NSDictionary *tempDcit = [(QYJContactsInfo *)object toDictionary]; return [selfDict isEqualToDictionary:tempDcit];}- (NSString *)description { NSArray *propertyNames = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; NSString *result = nil; for (NSString *propertyName in propertyNames) { NSString *temp = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@/n", propertyName, [self valueForKey:propertyName]]; if (!result) { result = temp; } else { result = [result stringByAppendingString:temp]; } } return result;}- (NSDictionary *)toDictionary { NSMutableDictionary *dict = @{}.mutableCopy; NSArray *propertyName = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; for (NSString *property in propertyName) { id value = [self valueForKey:property]; //這里字典不能傳入一個nil的對象，這里就加一個判斷 if ([property isEqualToString:PrimaryKeyId]) { //自增的ID，自動填寫，無需自己手動編號，一般于業務無關，這里轉字典的時候，根據實際需求修改 continue; } [dict setValue:value ? value : @"" forKey:property]; } return dict;}+ (NSArray *)getPropertyNames { NSMutableArray *names = @[].mutableCopy; u_int count; objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(self, &count); for (int i=0; i<count; i++) { objc_property_t property = properties[i]; NSString *propertyName = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:property_getName(property) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; [names addObject:propertyName]; } //釋放 free(properties); return names;}@end+ (NSString *)dbName;
+ (NSString *)tableName;
+ (NSString *)primaryKey;
+ (NSArray *)persistentProperties;
這三個方法必須實現，這里關系到數據表的創建和使用。一個數據表的創建方式大體就是這樣子了，除上述4個方法開發者根據業務的需求去增加的。接下來就是去獲取我們通訊錄，聯系人的數據了。這里要注意一下權限的問題，在iOS 10中，通訊錄權限必須要在.plist文件里面去聲明注冊，否則在iOS10以上的機子上會出現閃出。
.plist文件里面添加
<key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
<string>訪問您的通訊錄</string>
這里是注冊權限，
iOS 9以后有一個新的獲取通訊錄聯系人的API，這里不做深入探討，有興趣的可以自己查看API文檔或者去看其他大神的技術分享博客。
//iOS 9之前
#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>
//iOS 9以后
#import <ContactsUI/ContactsUI.h>
簡單的獲取通訊錄聯系人代碼：#import "QYJContactsInfoManager.h"//iOS 9之前#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>//iOS 9以后#import <ContactsUI/ContactsUI.h>@implementation QYJContactsInfoManager+ (NSMutableArray *)addressBookiOSNineBefore { //新建一個通訊錄類 __block ABAddressBookRef addressBooks = nil; //addressBooks = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL); if (ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus() == kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) { ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBooks, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error){ CFErrorRef *error1 = NULL; addressBooks = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, error1); }); } else if (ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus() == kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized){ CFErrorRef *error = NULL; addressBooks = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, error); } else { return [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; } //獲取通訊錄權限 dispatch_semaphore_t sema = dispatch_semaphore_create(0); ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBooks, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error){dispatch_semaphore_signal(sema); }); dispatch_semaphore_wait(sema, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); //獲取通訊錄中的所有人 CFArrayRef allPeople = ABAddressBookCopyArrayOfAllPeople(addressBooks); //通訊錄中人數 CFIndex nPeople = ABAddressBookGetPersonCount(addressBooks); NSMutableArray *addressBookTemp = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; //循環，獲取每個人的個人信息 for (NSInteger i = 0; i < nPeople; i++) { //獲取個人 ABRecordRef person = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(allPeople, i); //獲取個人名字 CFTypeRef abName = ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonFirstNameProperty); CFTypeRef abLastName = ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonLastNameProperty); // CFTypeRef adBirthDay = ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonBirthdayProperty); CFStringRef abFullName = ABRecordCopyCompositeName(person); NSString *nameString = (__bridge NSString *)abName; NSString *lastNameString = (__bridge NSString *)abLastName; // NSString *birthDay = (__bridge NSString *)adBirthDay; NSString *tel ; if ((__bridge id)abFullName != nil) { nameString = (__bridge NSString *)abFullName; } else { if ((__bridge id)abLastName != nil) { nameString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", nameString, lastNameString]; } nameString = @""; } ABPropertyID multiProperties[] = { kABPersonPhoneProperty, kABPersonEmailProperty }; NSInteger multiPropertiesTotal = sizeof(multiProperties) / sizeof(ABPropertyID); for (NSInteger j = 0; j < multiPropertiesTotal; j++) { ABPropertyID property = multiProperties[j]; ABMultiValueRef valuesRef = ABRecordCopyValue(person, property); NSInteger valuesCount = 0; if (valuesRef != nil) valuesCount = ABMultiValueGetCount(valuesRef); if (valuesCount == 0) { CFRelease(valuesRef); continue; } for (NSInteger k = 0; k < valuesCount; k++) { CFTypeRef value = ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(valuesRef, k); tel = (__bridge NSString*)value; NSMutableDictionary * pinyinDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]init]; if (nameString != nil && tel != nil) { if (nameString.length == 0) { nameString = tel; } [pinyinDic setObject:nameString forKey:@"name"]; [pinyinDic setObject:tel forKey:@"phoneNum"]; } else{ continue; } [addressBookTemp addObject:pinyinDic]; CFRelease(value); } CFRelease(valuesRef); } } return addressBookTemp;}@end在AppDelegate中調用相關的API,
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { //獲取聯系人 NSMutableArray *contacts = [QYJContactsInfoManager addressBookiOSNineBefore]; //打印路徑，方便查看 NSLog(@"%@, %@", contacts, NSHomeDirectory()); for (NSDictionary *dict in contacts) { //用一個字典去生成對象 QYJContactsInfo *contactsInfo = [QYJContactsInfo objectWithDictionary:dict]; //保存到數據庫中 [contactsInfo save]; } return YES;}運行結果:
調用 save方法就開始保存到數據庫里面，只要調用了數據庫，這里就會自動去生成數據庫和數據表。
如果使用真機調試可以用同步助手或者itune去查看數據庫，這里是用模擬器，使用SQLite Professional來打開數據庫。
數據庫里面的內容：
數據庫和數據表的創建就是這樣了，下一篇博客詳細的數據操作。
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