shell命令之文本處理

2019-11-08 20:06:48

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來源：轉(zhuǎn)載

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cut命令head命令tr命令排序Uniq命令paste

cut命令

獲取每行的第三個字母

cut -c3 fileName

獲取每行的第三至第五個字母

cut -c3-5 fileName

獲取每行的第三和第五個字母

cut -c3,5 fileName

獲取每行的前三個字母

cut -c-3 fileName

獲取每行的第五個字母往后的字母

cut -c5- fileName

獲取文本中的前三個字段

cut -f1-3 fileName //默認的文本分隔符為/t//輸入1 New York, New York[10] 8,244,910 1 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA 19,015,900 1 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA 22,214,0832 Los Angeles, California 3,819,702 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA 12,944,801 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA 18,081,5693 Chicago, Illinois 2,707,120 3 Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA 9,504,753 3 Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA 9,729,8254 Houston, Texas 2,145,146 4 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA 6,526,548 4 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV CSA 8,718,0835 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[11] 1,536,471 5 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA 6,086,538 5 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-RI-NH CSA 7,601,061//輸出1 New York, New York[10] 8,244,9102 Los Angeles, California 3,819,7023 Chicago, Illinois 2,707,1204 Houston, Texas 2,145,1465 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[11] 1,536,471

獲取輸入文本的第四個字段

cut -d' ' -f4 fileName**input**HelloWorldhow are you**output**HelloWorld//輸入的三行最大字段都不超過4個，為什么只輸出Hello和World呢？這題不太靠譜

輸出某個字段或字段范圍和輸出某個字母或字符范圍類似，不再重復(fù)

head命令

輸出前20行

head -n20 fileName //不存在20行的話有多少行算多少行

輸出第11到第20行

head -n20 fileName | tail -n10

輸出前20個字符

head -c20 fileName //不存在20個字符的話有多少算多少

輸出后20行

tail -n20 fileName //不存在20行的話有多少行算多少行

輸出后20個字符

tail -c20 fileName //不存在20個字符的話有多少算多少

tr命令

將文本中的一些字母按先后順序替換為另外一些字母

tr '()' '[]' fileName**Input**int i=(int)5.8(23 + 5)*2**Output**int i=[int]5.8[23 + 5]*2tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' fileName //將文本中的小寫字母替換為大寫字母

刪除文本中存在的小寫字母

tr -d '[a-z]' fileName**Input**HelloWorldhow are you**Output**HW

將多個連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的給定字符合并為一個

tr -s ' ' fileName //合并多個空格為一個**Input**He lloWor ldhow are you**Output**He lloWor ldhow are you

排序

對文本行進行排序

sort fileName**Input**Dr. Rajendra PRasad January 26, 1950 May 13, 1962Dr. S. Radhakrishnan May 13, 1962 May 13, 1967Dr. Zakir Hussain May 13, 1967 August 24, 1969Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri August 24, 1969 August 24, 1974Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed August 24, 1974 February 11, 1977Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy July 25, 1977 July 25, 198**Output**Dr. Rajendra Prasad January 26, 1950 May 13, 1962Dr. S. Radhakrishnan May 13, 1962 May 13, 1967Dr. Zakir Hussain May 13, 1967 August 24, 1969Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed August 24, 1974 February 11, 1977Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy July 25, 1977 July 25, 198Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri August 24, 1969 August 24, 1974sort -r fileName //降序排序

對數(shù)字進行排序 sort -rn fileName //對數(shù)字進行降序排序 -n對數(shù)字排序

對輸入文本中第二個字段數(shù)字進行降序排序

sort -t$'/t' -nr fileName//-t$'/t' 以tab分割文本//-nr 數(shù)字降序排序**Input**Albany, N.Y. 22.2 46.6 71.1 49.3 38.60 136 64.4 57Albuquerque, N.M. 35.7 55.6 78.5 57.3 9.47 60 11.0 64Anchorage, Alaska 15.8 36.3 58.4 34.1 16.08 115 70.8 39 / 60Asheville, N.C. 35.8 54.1 73.0 55.2 47.07 126 15.3 39Atlanta, Ga. 42.7 61.6 80.0 62.8 50.20 115 2.1 69 / 65Atlantic City, N.J. 32.1 50.6 75.3 55.1 40.59 113 16.2 60 / 54Austin, Texas 50.2 68.3 84.2 70.6 33.65 85 0.9 62 / 58Baltimore, Md. 32.3 53.2 76.5 55.4 41.94 115 21.5 53Baton Rouge, La. 50.1 66.6 81.7 68.1 63.08 110 0.2 52 / 46Billings, Mont. 24.0 46.1 72.0 48.1 14.77 96 56.9 69Birmingham, Ala. 42.6 61.3 80.2 62.9 53.99 117 1.5 60Bismarck, N.D. 10.2 43.3 70.4 45.2 16.84 96 44.3 64Boise, Idaho 30.2 50.6 74.7 52.8 12.19 89 20.6 64Boston, Mass. 29.3 48.3 73.9 54.1 42.53 127 42.8 52 / 66Bridgeport, Conn. 29.9 48.9 74.0 54.7 44.15 119 26.2 55 / 49**Output**Austin, Texas 50.2 68.3 84.2 70.6 33.65 85 0.9 62 / 58Baton Rouge, La. 50.1 66.6 81.7 68.1 63.08 110 0.2 52 / 46Atlanta, Ga. 42.7 61.6 80.0 62.8 50.20 115 2.1 69 / 65Birmingham, Ala. 42.6 61.3 80.2 62.9 53.99 117 1.5 60Asheville, N.C. 35.8 54.1 73.0 55.2 47.07 126 15.3 39Albuquerque, N.M. 35.7 55.6 78.5 57.3 9.47 60 11.0 64Baltimore, Md. 32.3 53.2 76.5 55.4 41.94 115 21.5 53Atlantic City, N.J. 32.1 50.6 75.3 55.1 40.59 113 16.2 60 / 54Boise, Idaho 30.2 50.6 74.7 52.8 12.19 89 20.6 64Bridgeport, Conn. 29.9 48.9 74.0 54.7 44.15 119 26.2 55 / 49Boston, Mass. 29.3 48.3 73.9 54.1 42.53 127 42.8 52 / 66Billings, Mont. 24.0 46.1 72.0 48.1 14.77 96 56.9 69Albany, N.Y. 22.2 46.6 71.1 49.3 38.60 136 64.4 57Anchorage, Alaska 15.8 36.3 58.4 34.1 16.08 115 70.8 39 / 60Bismarck, N.D. 10.2 43.3 70.4 45.2 16.84 96 44.3 64sort -r fileName //降序排序

Uniq命令

uniq fieName//如果相鄰行文本重復(fù)，只保留一行**Input**00000101000202**Output**00010002 uniq -u fileName fieName//獲取行中與前后行都不同的行文本**Output**00uniq -d fileName fieName//獲取文本中前后相同的行文本**Output**000102uniq -c | cut -c7- fieName//獲取文本中的字段統(tǒng)計**Output**2 002 011 002 02uniq -ci | cut -c7- fieName//獲取文本中的字段統(tǒng)計，不區(qū)分大小寫如輸入**Input**aAAaAAaa**output**4 aA

paste

paste -d':' fileName1 fileName2 //將兩個文件按行合并，以':'分割paste -s fileName //將文本以'/t'為分隔符進行合并**Input**Albany, N.Y.Albuquerque, N.M.Anchorage, AlaskaAsheville, N.C.Atlanta, Ga.Atlantic City, N.J.Austin, TexasBaltimore, Md.Baton Rouge, La.Billings, Mont.Birmingham, Ala.Bismarck, N.D.Boise, IdahoBoston, Mass.Bridgeport, Conn.**Output**Albany, N.Y. Albuquerque, N.M. Anchorage, Alaska Asheville, N.C.Atlanta, Ga. Atlantic City, N.J. Austin, Texas Baltimore, Md. Baton Rouge, La. Billings, Mont. Birmingham, Ala. Bismarck, N.D. Boise, Idaho Boston, Mass. Bridgeport, Conn.paste - - - -d$'/t' fileName //將文本以'/t'為分隔符進行合并，每行三列**Input**Albany, N.Y.Albuquerque, N.M.Anchorage, AlaskaAsheville, N.C.Atlanta, Ga.Atlantic City, N.J.Austin, TexasBaltimore, Md.Baton Rouge, La.Billings, Mont.Birmingham, Ala.Bismarck, N.D.Boise, IdahoBoston, Mass.Bridgeport, Conn.**Output**Albany, N.Y. Albuquerque, N.M. Anchorage, AlaskaAsheville, N.C. Atlanta, Ga. Atlantic City, N.J.Austin, Texas Baltimore, Md. Baton Rouge, La.Billings, Mont. Birmingham, Ala. Bismarck, N.D.Boise, Idaho Boston, Mass. Bridgeport, Conn.paste -d';' -s fileName //將文本合并為一行，用';'分割**Output**Albany, N.Y.;Albuquerque, N.M.;Anchorage, Alaska;Asheville, N.C.;Atlanta, Ga.;Atlantic City, N.J.;Austin, Texas;Baltimore, Md.;Baton Rouge, La.;Billings, Mont.;Birmingham, Ala.;Bismarck, N.D.;Boise, Idaho;Boston, Mass.;Bridgeport, Conn.paste - - - -d';' //將文本合并為一行，用';'分割，每行三列**Output**Buffalo, N.Y.;Burlington, Vt.;Caribou, MaineCasper, Wyo.;Charleston, S.C.;Charleston, W.Va.

題目出處：https://www.hackerrank.com/domains/shell/textpro/page:1

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