利用Mockito進(jìn)行單元測(cè)試[0]

2019-11-08 03:27:16

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供稿：網(wǎng)友

Mockito簡(jiǎn)介

略

Mockito主要功能

利用Mockito可以對(duì)需要調(diào)用外部接口或需要查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法進(jìn)行單元測(cè)試，可以根據(jù)需要設(shè)定外部接口(或數(shù)據(jù)庫)的返回。重點(diǎn)是：測(cè)試代碼的可讀性高，寫起來。。。比較方便。

例程

什么都不如一段代碼能介紹的東西多(對(duì)于我這種語文不好的人而言),以下是一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的Mockito的例程。下面這段代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)了調(diào)用百度的一個(gè)公共API：

package cn.webank.cnc.afs.test;/** * Created by narcli on 2016/12/8. */import org.sPRingframework.stereotype.Service;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;@Servicepublic class WeatherService { public String apikey = "36f74c013ead3bb1dbc0e29349ead738"; public String getWeather(String city) { String httpUrl = "http://apis.baidu.com/apistore/weatherservice/weather"; String httpArg = "citypinyin=" + city; return unicodeToString(request(httpUrl, httpArg)); } public String request(String httpUrl, String httpArg) { BufferedReader reader = null; String result = null; StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); httpUrl = httpUrl + "?" + httpArg; try { URL url = new URL(httpUrl); HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); connection.setRequestProperty("apikey", apikey); connection.connect(); InputStream is = connection.getInputStream(); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); String strRead = null; while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) { sbf.append(strRead); sbf.append("/r/n"); } reader.close(); result = sbf.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } public String unicodeToString(String str) { Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(////u(//p{XDigit}{4}))"); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(str); char ch; while (matcher.find()) { ch = (char) Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(2), 16); str = str.replace(matcher.group(1), ch + ""); } return str; }}

[基本都是復(fù)制粘貼的] 這段代碼可以實(shí)現(xiàn)去調(diào)用百度的接口，查詢一個(gè)城市的天氣狀況。很顯然，在辦公機(jī)可以順利運(yùn)行的這段代碼，放到開發(fā)機(jī)上就只能等報(bào)錯(cuò)了。使用Mockito，就可以“模擬”外部接口的返回，在開發(fā)機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)這個(gè)接口的測(cè)試！首先，你需要一個(gè)依賴：

<dependency> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId> <version>1.9.5</version></dependency>

然后，你需要利用注解搞到一個(gè)”假的”WeatherService：

@Mock private WeatherService mockService;

然后在測(cè)試之前告訴編譯器，這是假的。[在測(cè)試前初始化]

@Before public void myBefore() { MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); }

之后就可以“打樁”設(shè)置返回，然后模擬外部接口調(diào)用了：

@Test public void TestWeacherBeiJing() { Mockito.when(mockService.getWeather("beijing")).thenReturn("test"); String a = mockService.getWeather("beijing"); System.out.println(a); Assert.assertEquals(a, "test"); }

控制臺(tái)輸出如下:

test

如果需要固定這個(gè)接口的返回，去測(cè)試別的功能，還可以按下面的方式做：

@Before public void myBefore() { MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); Mockito.when(mockService.getWeather(anyString())).thenReturn("test"); } @Test public void TestWeacherBeiJing() { String a = mockService.getWeather("beijing"); System.out.println(a); Assert.assertEquals(a, "test"); } @Test public void TestWeacherShenZhen() { String a = mockService.getWeather("shenzhen"); System.out.println(a); Assert.assertEquals(a, "test"); } @Test public void TestWeacherGuangZhou() { String a = mockService.getWeather("guangzhou"); System.out.println(a); Assert.assertEquals(a, "test"); }

測(cè)試結(jié)果如下: