struct file結構體定義在/linux/include/linux/fs.h(Linux 2.6.11內核)中,其原型是:
struct file { /* * fu_list becomes invalid after file_free is called and queued via * fu_rcuhead for RCU freeing */ union { struct list_head fu_list; struct rcu_head fu_rcuhead; } f_u; struct path f_path;#define f_dentry f_path.dentry#define f_vfsmnt f_path.mnt const struct file_Operations *f_op; atomic_t f_count; unsigned int f_flags; mode_t f_mode; loff_t f_pos; struct fown_struct f_owner; unsigned int f_uid, f_gid; struct file_ra_state f_ra; unsigned long f_version;#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY void *f_security;#endif /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */ void *PRivate_data;#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL /* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */ struct list_head f_ep_links; spinlock_t f_ep_lock;#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */ struct address_space *f_mapping;};分析:1 union { struct list_head fu_list; struct rcu_head rcuhead;}f_u;其中的struct list_head定義在 linux/include/linux/list.h中,原型為:struct list_head { struct list_head *next, *prev;};用于通用文件對象鏈表的指針。struct rcu_head定義在linux/include/linux/rcupdate.h中,其原型為:/*** struct rcu_head - callback structure for use with RCU* @next: next update requests in a list* @func: actual update function to call after the grace period.*/struct rcu_head { struct rcu_head *next; void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head);};
2 struct path f_path;被定義在linux/include/linux/namei.h中,其原型為:struct path { struct vfsmount *mnt; struct dentry *dentry;};在早些版本的內核中并沒有此結構,而是直接將path的兩個數據成員作為struct file的數據成員,struct vfsmount *mnt的作用是指出該文件的已安裝的文件系統,struct dentry *dentry是與文件相關的目錄項對象。3
const struct file_operations *f_op;被定義在linux/include/linux/fs.h中,其中包含著與文件關聯的操作,如:loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);等。當打開一個文件時,內核就創建一個與該文件相關聯的struct file結構,其中的*f_op就指向的是具體對該文件進行操作的函數。例如用戶調用系統調用read來讀取該文件的內容時,那么系統調用read最終會陷入內核調用sys_read函數,而sys_read最終會調用于該文件關聯的struct file結構中的f_op->read函數對文件內容進行讀取。
4
atomic_t f_count;atomic_t被定義為:typedef struct { volatile int counter; } atomic_t;volatile修飾字段告訴gcc不要對該類型的數據做優化處理,對它的訪問都是對內存的訪問,而不是對寄存器的訪問。 本質是int類型,之所以這樣寫是讓編譯器對基于該類型變量的操作進行嚴格的類型檢查。此處f_count的作用是記錄對文件對象的引用計數,也即當前有多少個進程在使用該文件。
5unsigned int f_flags;當打開文件時指定的標志,對應系統調用open的int flags參數。驅動程序為了支持非阻塞型操作需要檢查這個標志。
6mode_t f_mode;對文件的讀寫模式,對應系統調用open的mod_t mode參數。如果驅動程序需要這個值,可以直接讀取這個字段。mod_t被定義為:typedef unsigned int __kernel_mode_t;typedef __kernel_mode_t mode_t;
7loff_t f_pos;當前的文件指針位置,即文件的讀寫位置。loff_t被定義為:typedef long long __kernel_loff_t;typedef __kernel_loff_t loff_t;
8struct fown_struct f_owner;struct fown_struct在linux/include/linux/fs.h被定義,原型為:struct fown_struct { rwlock_t lock; /* protects pid, uid, euid fields */ struct pid *pid; /* pid or -pgrp where SIGIO should be sent */ enum pid_type pid_type; /* Kind of process group SIGIO should be sent to */ uid_t uid, euid; /* uid/euid of process setting the owner */ int signum; /* posix.1b rt signal to be delivered on IO */};該結構的作用是通過信號進行I/O時間通知的數據。
9、unsigned int f_uid, f_gid;標識文件的所有者id,所有者所在組的id.
10struct file_ra_state f_ra;struct file_ra_state結構被定義在/linux/include/linux/fs.h中,原型為:struct file_ra_state { pgoff_t start; /* where readahead started */ unsigned long size; /* # of readahead pages */ unsigned long async_size; /* do asynchronous readahead when there are only # of pages ahead */ unsigned long ra_pages; /* Maximum readahead window */ unsigned long mmap_hit; /* Cache hit stat for mmap accesses */ unsigned long mmap_miss; /* Cache miss stat for mmap accesses */ unsigned long prev_index; /* Cache last read() position */ unsigned int prev_offset; /* Offset where last read() ended in a page */};文件預讀狀態,文件預讀算法使用的主要數據結構,當打開一個文件時,f_ra中出了perv_page(默認為-1)和ra_apges(對該文件允許的最大預讀量)這兩個字段外,其他的所有西端都置為0。
11unsigned long f_version;記錄文件的版本號,每次使用后都自動遞增。12#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY void *f_security;
新聞熱點
疑難解答