Resource.java
/** * Created by yuandl on 2016-10-11./** * 資源 */public class Resource {    /*資源序號*/    PRivate int number = 0;    /*資源標記*/    private boolean flag = false;    /**     * 生產資源     */    public synchronized void create() {        if (flag) {//先判斷標記是否已經生產了,如果已經生產,等待消費;            try {                wait();//讓生產線程等待            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        number++;//生產一個        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "生產者------------" + number);        flag = true;//將資源標記為已經生產        notify();//喚醒在等待操作資源的線程(隊列)    }    /**     * 消費資源     */    public synchronized void destroy() {        if (!flag) {            try {                wait();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "消費者****" + number);        flag = false;        notify();    }}Producer.java
/** * Created by yuandl on 2016-10-11. * /** * 生產者 */public class Producer implements Runnable {    private Resource resource;    public Producer(Resource resource) {        this.resource = resource;    }    @Override    public void run() {        while (true) {            try {                Thread.sleep(10);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }            resource.create();        }    }}Consumer.java
/** * 消費者 */public class Consumer implements Runnable {    private Resource resource;    public Consumer(Resource resource) {        this.resource = resource;    }    @Override    public void run() {        while (true) {            try {                Thread.sleep(10);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }            resource.destroy();        }    }}ProducerConsumerTest.java
/** * Created by yuandl on 2016-10-11. */public class ProducerConsumerTest {    public static void main(String args[]) {        Resource resource = new Resource();        new Thread(new Producer(resource)).start();//生產者線程        new Thread(new Consumer(resource)).start();//消費者線程    }}打印結果
Thread-0生產者------------1Thread-1消費者****1Thread-0生產者------------2Thread-1消費者****2Thread-0生產者------------3Thread-1消費者****3Thread-0生產者------------4Thread-1消費者****4Thread-0生產者------------5Thread-1消費者****5Thread-0生產者------------6Thread-1消費者****6Thread-0生產者------------7Thread-1消費者****7Thread-0生產者------------8Thread-1消費者****8Thread-0生產者------------9Thread-1消費者****9Thread-0生產者------------10Thread-1消費者****10以上打印結果可以看出沒有任何問題
多個線程,多個生產者和多個消費者的問題
需求情景
四個線程,兩個個負責生產,兩個個負責消費,生產者生產一個,消費者消費一個涉及問題
notifyAll()方法:當生產者/消費者向緩沖區放入/取出一個產品時,向其他等待的所有線程發出可執行的通知,同時放棄鎖,使自己處于等待狀態。再次測試代碼
ProducerConsumerTest.java
/** * Created by yuandl on 2016-10-11. */public class ProducerConsumerTest {    public static void main(String args[]) {        Resource resource = new Resource();        new Thread(new Consumer(resource)).start();//生產者線程        new Thread(new Consumer(resource)).start();//生產者線程        new Thread(new Producer(resource)).start();//消費者線程        new Thread(new Producer(resource)).start();//消費者線程    }}運行結果
Thread-0生產者------------100Thread-3消費者****100Thread-0生產者------------101Thread-3消費者****101Thread-2消費者****101Thread-1生產者------------102Thread-3消費者****102Thread-0生產者------------103Thread-2消費者****103Thread-1生產者------------104Thread-3消費者****104Thread-1生產者------------105Thread-0生產者------------106Thread-2消費者****106Thread-1生產者------------107Thread-3消費者****107Thread-0生產者------------108Thread-2消費者****108Thread-0生產者------------109Thread-2消費者****109Thread-1生產者------------110Thread-3消費者****110通過以上打印結果發現問題
101生產了一次,消費了兩次105生產了,而沒有消費原因分析
當兩個線程同時操作生產者生產或者消費者消費時,如果有生產者或者的兩個線程都wait()時,再次notify(),由于其中一個線程已經改變了標記而另外一個線程再次往下直接執行的時候沒有判斷標記而導致的。if判斷標記,只有一次,會導致不該運行的線程運行了。出現了數據錯誤的情況。解決方案
while判斷標記,解決了線程獲取執行權后,是否要運行!也就是每次wait()后再notify()時先再次判斷標記代碼改進(Resource中的if->while)
Resource.java
/** * Created by yuandl on 2016-10-11./** * 資源 */public class Resource {    /*資源序號*/    private int number = 0;    /*資源標記*/    private boolean flag = false;    /**     * 生產資源     */    public synchronized void create() {        while (flag) {//先判斷標記是否已經生產了,如果已經生產,等待消費;            try {                wait();//讓生產線程等待            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        number++;//生產一個        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "生產者------------" + number);        flag = true;//將資源標記為已經生產        notify();//喚醒在等待操作資源的線程(隊列)    }    /**     * 消費資源     */    public synchronized void destroy() {        while (!flag) {            try {                wait();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "消費者****" + number);        flag = false;        notify();    }}
再次發現問題
打印到某個值比如生產完74,程序運行卡死了,好像鎖死了一樣。原因分析
notify:只能喚醒一個線程,如果本方喚醒了本方,沒有意義。而且while判斷標記+notify會導致”死鎖”。解決方案
notifyAll解決了本方線程一定會喚醒對方線程的問題。最后代碼改進(Resource中的notify()->notifyAll())
Resource.java
/** * Created by yuandl on 2016-10-11./** * 資源 */public class Resource {    /*資源序號*/    private int number = 0;    /*資源標記*/    private boolean flag = false;    /**     * 生產資源     */    public synchronized void create() {        while (flag) {//先判斷標記是否已經生產了,如果已經生產,等待消費;            try {                wait();//讓生產線程等待            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        number++;//生產一個        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "生產者------------" + number);        flag = true;//將資源標記為已經生產        notifyAll();//喚醒在等待操作資源的線程(隊列)    }    /**     * 消費資源     */    public synchronized void destroy() {        while (!flag) {            try {                wait();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "消費者****" + number);        flag = false;        notifyAll();    }}運行結果
Thread-0生產者------------412Thread-2消費者****412Thread-0生產者------------413Thread-3消費者****413Thread-1生產者------------414Thread-2消費者****414Thread-1生產者------------415Thread-2消費者****415Thread-0生產者------------416Thread-3消費者****416Thread-1生產者------------417Thread-3消費者****417Thread-0生產者------------418Thread-2消費者****418Thread-0生產者------------419Thread-3消費者****419Thread-1生產者------------420Thread-2消費者****420以上就大功告成了,沒有任何問題
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