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RIP路由協議快速入門(4)

2019-11-04 11:17:49
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中括號里的內容是路由項的治理距離和度量值,Rip的缺省治理距離是120,到達3、4子網的度量值是1,即經過1個路由器可達。 

同樣的命令在另外兩臺路由器上運行,結果如下。 

testSH#sh ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set 

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 

R 172.16.4.0 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Ethernet0/0 

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 

R 172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:11, Ethernet0/1 

[120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Ethernet0/0 

C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 

testTJ#sh ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set 

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 

C 172.16.4.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 

R 172.16.1.0 [120/1] via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1 

[120/1] via 172.16.2.3, 00:00:19, Serial1/0 

C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 

C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 

分析上述命令輸出時,一定要隨時參照拓撲圖,離開網絡拓撲,上面的信息就沒有任何意義。動態路由的靈活性體現在一條鏈路出現故障,路由算法會自動切換到迂回鏈路上。例如我們將testBJ和testTJ之間的串行線纜斷開,一段時間后,再檢查路由表,如下所示。 

testBJ#sh ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set 

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets 

R 172.16.4.0 [120/2] via 172.16.1.3, 00:00:22, Ethernet0/1 
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 

R 172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.1.3, 00:00:22, Ethernet0/1 
我們發現串行鏈路所在的子網2斷開了,到網絡172.16.4.0網絡的數據包都將繞經testSH路由器。 

sh ip PRotocols命令可以顯示當前路由協議的狀況,如下所示。 

testBJ#sh ip protocols 

Routing Protocol is "rip" 

Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 19 seconds 

Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set 

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set 

Redistributing: connected, rip 

Default version control: send version 1, receive any version 

Interface Send Recv Key-chain 

Ethernet0/1 1 1 2 

Serial1/0 1 1 2 

Routing for Networks: 

172.16.0.0 

Routing Information Sources: 

Gateway Distance Last Update 

172.16.2.2 120 00:00:05 

172.16.1.3 120 00:00:27 

Distance: (default is 120) 

從命令輸出中,可以看出RIP協議的基本配置,還可以得知與當前路由器交換信息的路由器有testTJ(172.16.2.2)和testSH(172.16.1.3)兩臺路由器,上次接收路由信息分別在5秒和27秒之前。 

要了解路由器之間交換路由信息的詳情,可以使用debug ip rip命令。如下所示,輸入命令后,隔一段時間,控制臺上出現接收或者發送RIP廣播的信息。

testBJ#debug ip rip 

RIP protocol debugging is on 

testBJ# 

RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.2.2 on Serial1/0 

172.16.4.0 in 1 hops 

172.16.3.0 in 1 hops 

RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.1.3 on Ethernet0/1 

172.16.4.0 in 2 hops 

172.16.3.0 in 1 hops 

RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0/1 (172.16.1.2) 


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