(1)接口上沒有激活ospf

就是在network語句的時候沒有匹配清楚，比如配置了錯誤的反掩碼不對，在show ip ospf interface的時候不會顯示你希望激活的接口。使用show ip ospf interface來驗證。

這時候的鄰居表是空的

>R2#show ip ospf neighbor

R2#

(2)物理層或者是數據鏈路層協議down.

使用show ip int brief 或者是 show int type nomber會導致ospf packet 封裝失敗。

(3)建立鄰居的接口被passive掉

R2#show ip ospf interface Ethernet 0

Ethernet0 is up, line PRotocol is up

Internet Address 131.108.1.2/24, Area 0

Process ID 1, Router ID 131.108.1.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1

Designated Router (ID) 131.108.1.2, Interface address 131.108.1.2

No backup designated router on this network

Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

No Hellos (Passive interface)

Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

(4)OSPF的hello組播地址被ACL Block

R1#

interface Ethernet0

ip address 131.108.1.1 255.255.255.0

ip access-group 100 in

!

access-list 100 permit tcp any any

access-list 100 permit udp any any

access-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5

R2#

interface Ethernet0

ip address 131.108.1.2 255.255.255.0

ip access-group 100 in

!

access-list 100 permit tcp any any

access-list 100 permit udp any any

access-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5

R2#debug ip packet 101 detail

IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101

IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 68, access denied, proto=89

這時候的鄰居關系是INIT

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

131.108.2.1 1 INIT/- 00:00:33 131.108.1.1 Ethernet0

R1#show access-list 101

Extended IP access list 101

permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.3 host 224.0.0.5 (8 matches)

R1#debug ip packet 101 detail

IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101

R1#

IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,

proto

=89

IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82, access denied, proto=89

IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,

proto

=89

IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82,access denied, proto=89

(5)在broadcast鏈路上的子網掩碼不匹配

(6)Hello/dead 間隔不匹配

(7)認證方式或者是認證密碼不匹配

使用debug ip ospf adj 來查看,可以自己使用不同的情況來驗證

(8)兩臺路由器處于不同的AREA

R1#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R1#

OSPF: Rcv pkt from 131.108.1.2, Ethernet0, area 0.0.0.0

mismatch area 0.0.0.1 in the header

R2#show log

%OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 131.108.1.1, Ethernet0

(9)Stub/transit/NSSA 區域類型不匹配

這個是經常不小心會被忘記的。

R1#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R1#

OSPF: Rcv hello from 131.108.0.1 area 1 from Ethernet0 131.108.1.2

OSPF: Hello from 131.108.1.2 with mismatched Stub/Transit area option bit

R1#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R1#

OSPF: Rcv hello from 131.108.0.1 area 1 from Ethernet0 131.108.1.2

OSPF: Hello from 131.108.1.2 with mismatched NSSA option bit

更多的請看：http://www.QQread.com/windows/2003/index.Html

(1)接口上沒有激活ospf

就是在network語句的時候沒有匹配清楚，比如配置了錯誤的反掩碼不對，在show ip ospf interface的時候不會顯示你希望激活的接口。使用show ip ospf interface來驗證。

這時候的鄰居表是空的

>R2#show ip ospf neighbor

R2#

(2)物理層或者是數據鏈路層協議down.

使用show ip int brief 或者是 show int type nomber會導致ospf packet 封裝失敗。

(3)建立鄰居的接口被passive掉

R2#show ip ospf interface Ethernet 0

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 131.108.1.2/24, Area 0

Process ID 1, Router ID 131.108.1.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1

Designated Router (ID) 131.108.1.2, Interface address 131.108.1.2

No backup designated router on this network

Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

No Hellos (Passive interface)

Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

(4)OSPF的hello組播地址被ACL Block

R1#

interface Ethernet0

ip address 131.108.1.1 255.255.255.0

ip access-group 100 in

!

access-list 100 permit tcp any any

access-list 100 permit udp any any

access-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5

R2#

interface Ethernet0

ip address 131.108.1.2 255.255.255.0

ip access-group 100 in

!

access-list 100 permit tcp any any

access-list 100 permit udp any any

access-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5

R2#debug ip packet 101 detail

IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101

IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 68, access denied, proto=89

這時候的鄰居關系是INIT

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

131.108.2.1 1 INIT/- 00:00:33 131.108.1.1 Ethernet0

R1#show access-list 101

Extended IP access list 101

permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.3 host 224.0.0.5 (8 matches)

R1#debug ip packet 101 detail

IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101

R1#

IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,

proto

=89

IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82, access denied, proto=89

IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,

proto

=89

IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82,access denied, proto=89

(5)在broadcast鏈路上的子網掩碼不匹配

(6)Hello/dead 間隔不匹配

(7)認證方式或者是認證密碼不匹配

使用debug ip ospf adj 來查看,可以自己使用不同的情況來驗證

(8)兩臺路由器處于不同的AREA

R1#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R1#

OSPF: Rcv pkt from 131.108.1.2, Ethernet0, area 0.0.0.0

mismatch area 0.0.0.1 in the header

R2#show log

%OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 131.108.1.1, Ethernet0

(9)Stub/transit/NSSA 區域類型不匹配

這個是經常不小心會被忘記的。

R1#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R1#

OSPF: Rcv hello from 131.108.0.1 area 1 from Ethernet0 131.108.1.2

OSPF: Hello from 131.108.1.2 with mismatched Stub/Transit area option bit

R1#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R1#

OSPF: Rcv hello from 131.108.0.1 area 1 from Ethernet0 131.108.1.2

OSPF: Hello from 131.108.1.2 with mismatched NSSA option bit