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cisco router調試初步

2019-11-05 00:07:54
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  對于每一個路由器來說,都有一個控制臺接口(Console),治理員可以通過RS-232 線纜把控制口和一個終端的主口連接起來,通過這個終端對路由器進行配置.
  
  終端通訊參數設置為:
  
  速度: 9600bps
  起始位: 1位
  數據位: 8位
  停止位: 1或2位
  校驗: 無
  
  待終端通訊參數設置完畢后,接好路由器控制臺,請先打開終端電源,后開路由器電源,之后就進入初始配置了.屏幕出現(以Cisco 2501為例):
  
  System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE
  Copyright (c) 1986-1994 by cisco Systems
  2500 PRocessor with 2048 Kbytes of main memory
  大約停頓1-2分鐘,系統調入boot,請耐心等待
  
  F3: 3996764+54172+225404 at 0x3000060
  
  Restricted Rights Legend
  
  Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
  subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
  (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
  Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
  (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
  Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
  
  cisco Systems, Inc.
  170 West Tasman Drive
  San Jose, California 95134-1706
  
  
  
  Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
  IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 11.2(1), MAJOR RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
  
  Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc.
  Compiled Mon 30-Sep-96 12:07 by ajchopra
  Image text-base: 0x030215A4, data-base: 0x00001000
  
  cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision D) with 2048K/2048K bytes of memory.
  Processor board ID 02327592, with hardware revision 00000000
  Bridging software.
  X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSip compliant.
  1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
  2 Serial network interface(s)
  32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
  8192K bytes of processor board System Flash (Read ONLY)
  
  Notice: NVRAM invalid, possibly due to write erase.
  --- System Configuration Dialog ---
  
  At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
  Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
  Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
  Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes]:Return
  你是否要進入初始化配置?默認"是".
  
  First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:Return
  首先,你是否想看一下當前端口的狀態?默認"是".
  
  Any interface listed with OK? value "NO" does not have a valid configuration
  下面會列出當前路由器所具有的硬件配置(包括局域網口和廣域網口,以及個端口當前狀態等等.)
  
  Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
  Ethernet0 unassigned NO unset up down
  Serial0 unassigned NO unset down down
  Serial1 unassigned NO unset down down
  
  Configuring global parameters:
  
  Enter host name [Router]: JSRouter
  設置系統名,如JSRouter.
  
  The enable secret is a one-way cryptographic secret used
  instead of the enable passWord when it exists.
  
  Enter enable secret: cisco
  設置進入priviledged EXEC 的密碼
  
  The enable password is used when there is no enable secret
  and when using older software and some boot images.
  
  Enter enable password: cisco1 (1)
  Enter virtual terminal password: cisco
  設置進入虛擬終端登錄到路由器的口令,即遠程登錄(telnet)的口令
  Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]:Return
  是否設置簡單網管協議?
  Community string [public]:Return
  
  Configure IP? [yes]:Return
  是否設置IP協議?
  Configure IGRP routing? [yes]:Return (2)
  是否設置IGRP 路由協議?
  Your IGRP autonomous system number [1]:Return (3)
  你的IGRP 路由協議自治系統號(AS),默認為1.
  
  Configuring interface parameters:
  下面配置端口參數
  
  Configuring interface Ethernet0:Return
  Is this interface in use? [yes]:Return
  Configure IP on this interface? [yes]:Return
  IP address for this interface: 1.1.1.1
  Number of bits in subnet field [0]:Return (4)
  Class A network is 1.0.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is /8
  以上是配置以太口0,假設IP地址是1.1.1.1,掩碼是255.0.0.0.
  
  Configuring interface Serial0:Return
  Is this interface in use? [yes]:Return
  Configure IP on this interface? [yes]:Return
  Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]:Return
  IP address for this interface: 2.1.1.1
  Number of bits in subnet field [0]:Return
  Class A network is 2.0.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is /8
  以上是配置串口0,假設IP地址是2.1.1.1,掩碼是255.0.0.0.
  
  Configuring interface Serial1:Return
  Is this interface in use? [yes]: no
  以上是當不需要用串口1時,請敲入no.
  
  The following configuration command script was created:
  
  hostname JSRouter
  enable secret 5 $1$Bv.r$j/Zm2B6jw9UTQPxLGZjAz.
  enable password cisco1
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  snmp-server community public
  !

  ip routing
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
  !
  interface Serial0
  ip address 2.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
  !
  interface Serial1
  shutdown
  no ip address
  !
  router igrp 1
  network 1.0.0.0
  network 2.0.0.0
  !
  end
  
  Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes (5)
  確認當前配置后,把當前配置寫入NVRAM 中.這樣以后開機自動把配置調入內存,不需要重新配置了.
  
  Building configuration...
  Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration.
  
  
  Press RETURN to get started!
  
  
  %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to down
  
  %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
  %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
  %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
  %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
  %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
  %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1, changed state to administratively down
  %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
  Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
  IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 11.2(1), MAJOR RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1
  )
  Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc.
  Compiled Mon 30-Sep-96 12:07 by ajchopra
  JSRouter>en
  Password:(敲入密碼,不反顯的)
  JSRouter#
  
  備注:
  
  Enter enable password:-----這個口令是對于IOS 10.2以下版本適用,在IOS 10.3以上版本均使用secret,不再用password.在配置文件中, secret是加密顯示的.
  現在我們通常都在IOS 10.3 版本以上,故無需password這個口令.
  另外,password和secret不能相同.
  
  在初始配置中,默認的路由協議是IGRP,若敲入yes,則生成IGRP路由協議.假如不想使用IGRP協議,則打No,在配置模式下(conf t)選擇路由協議.
  
  自治系統 (autonomous system)-----它是一個域的概念.路由協議在一個 自制系統中可以交換路由信息,而在兩個自制系統之間是不能直接傳遞路由信息的,必須通過類似網際路由協議才能互相通訊.這樣就大大地縮小了路由表,減少它占用的帶寬量,使網絡具有擴展性.
  
  Number of bits in subnet field [0]-----掩碼子網的位數.舉例說明:
  掩碼為255.0.0.0的掩碼子網位數是0,掩碼共8位
  掩碼為255.255.0.0的掩碼子網位數8,掩碼共16位
  掩碼為255.255.255.0的掩碼子網位數16,掩碼共24位
  掩碼為255.255.255.252的掩碼子網位數22,掩碼共30位
  Cisco命令系統是即時生效的,也就是說,配置完后立即執行,但若不寫入NVRAM 中,關掉電源后就會丟失.你若想保留更改的配置,請敲入write命令.
  Windows 95/NT 下,超級終端的設置.
  在 開始--->程序--->附件--->超級終端--->Hypetrm
  設定名稱為cisco,再選擇一個圖標.
  請選擇"直接連接到串口1"
  選擇波特率為9600bps.
  最后把設置的保存在cisco文件里.下一次直接從超級終端cisco中啟動.

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