注，操作系統為 CentOS 6.4 x86_64 , Nginx 是版本是最新版的1.4.2，所以實驗用到的軟件請點擊這里下載：

CentOS 6.4下載地址：http://www.jb51.net/softs/78243.html

Nginx下載地址：http://www.jb51.net/softs/35633.html

一、前言

在前面的幾篇博文中我們主要講解了Nginx作為Web服務器知識點，主要的知識點有nginx的理論詳解、nginx作為web服務器的操作講解、nginx作為LNMP架構的講解，不清楚的博友可以回頭看看，在這一篇博客中我們主要講解， nginx的反向代理、負載均衡、緩存、URL重寫以及讀寫分離詳解。好了，下面我們來具體說一說。

二、環境準備

1. 操作系統

CentOS 6.4 x86_64

2.軟件版本

Nginx 1.4.2

3.實驗拓撲

注，實驗拓撲見下文。

4.安裝yum源

[root@nginx ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm[root@web1 ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm[root@web2 ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

5.各節點時間同步

[root@nginx ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101[root@web1 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101[root@web2 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101

6.關閉防火墻與SELinux

[root@nginx ~]# service iptables stop [root@nginx ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@nginx ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@web1 ~]# service iptables stop [root@web1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@web1 ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@web2 ~]# service iptables stop [root@web2 ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@web2 ~]# getenforce Disabled

三、安裝Nginx

1.解壓

[root@nginx src]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz

2.新建nginx用戶與組

[root@nginx src]# groupadd -g 108 -r nginx [root@nginx src]# useradd -u 108 -r -g 108 nginx [root@nginx src]# id nginx uid=108(nginx) gid=108(nginx) 組=108(nginx)

3.準備編譯配置文件

[root@nginx src]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr  --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx  --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log  --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock  --user=nginx  --group=nginx  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_flv_module  --with-http_stub_status_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/  --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi  --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi  --with-pcre

4.編譯并安裝

[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install

5.為nginx提供SysV init腳本

[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig:  - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse / #        proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config:   /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config:   /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile:   /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() {   # make required directories   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=/([^ ]*/).*//1/g' -`   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`   for opt in $options; do     if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then       value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`       if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then         # echo "creating" $value         mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value       fi     fi   done } start() {   [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5   [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6   make_dirs   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "   daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE   retval=$?   echo   [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile   return $retval } stop() {   echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "   killproc $prog -QUIT   retval=$?   echo   [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile   return $retval } restart() {   configtest || return $?   stop   sleep 1   start } reload() {   configtest || return $?   echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "   killproc $nginx -HUP   RETVAL=$?   echo } force_reload() {   restart } configtest() {  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() {   status $prog } rh_status_q() {   rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in   start)     rh_status_q && exit 0     $1     ;;   stop)     rh_status_q || exit 0     $1     ;;   restart|configtest)     $1     ;;   reload)     rh_status_q || exit 7     $1     ;;   force-reload)     force_reload     ;;   status)     rh_status     ;;   condrestart|try-restart)     rh_status_q || exit 0       ;;   *)     echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"     exit 2 esac